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Current affairs

Current affairs November 17 – November 23, 2025 for CUET

4 stories from the week of November 17 – November 23, 2025, in the order they happened, then a quiz on the week.

November 2025 in current affairs: twelve stories for CUET

Government Schemes & Policy

PM-KISAN's 21st instalment: ₹18,000 crore to 9 crore farmers

PM-KISAN's 21st instalment, about ₹18,000 crore to nearly 9 crore farmers, was released from Coimbatore on 19 November 2025.

On 19 November 2025 the Prime Minister released the 21st instalment of PM-KISAN from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu: about ₹18,000 crore to nearly 9 crore farmers by direct benefit transfer.

PM-KISAN is a Central Sector Scheme launched on 24 February 2019. It pays each eligible landholding farmer family ₹6,000 a year in three instalments of ₹2,000. By this instalment more than ₹3.70 lakh crore had been paid out to over 11 crore farmer families. Payment needs Aadhaar-based e-KYC and land records seeded on the portal.

Test yourself

Question 1

EasyOriginal question

From which city was the 21st instalment of PM-KISAN released in November 2025?

  1. ACoimbatore
  2. BVaranasi
  3. CBhagalpur
  4. DGorakhpur
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A

Explanation

  1. The Prime Minister released the 21st instalment from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, on 19 November 2025.

  2. Gorakhpur is where the scheme was launched in 2019.

Concept
PM-KISAN 21st instalment
Typical time
40 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 2

MediumOriginal question

Roughly how much was transferred to farmers in PM-KISAN's 21st instalment?

  1. A₹6,000 crore
  2. B₹18,000 crore
  3. C₹25,060 crore
  4. D₹3,70,000 crore
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

  1. About ₹18,000 crore went to nearly 9 crore farmers — ₹2,000 each.

  2. ₹3.70 lakh crore is the cumulative total since 2019, not one instalment.

Concept
Size of the 21st instalment
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 3

HardOriginal question

PM-KISAN is classified as what kind of scheme, and when was it launched?

  1. AA Centrally Sponsored Scheme, launched on 24 February 2019
  2. BA Central Sector Scheme, launched on 1 December 2018
  3. CA state scheme co-funded by the Centre, launched in 2016
  4. DA Central Sector Scheme, launched on 24 February 2019
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: D

Explanation

  1. PM-KISAN is a Central Sector Scheme — fully funded by the Centre — launched on 24 February 2019.

  2. A Centrally Sponsored Scheme shares costs with the states, which PM-KISAN does not.

Worth noting

1 December 2018 is the date from which eligibility was counted, which is why it turns up as a distractor.

Concept
Classification of PM-KISAN
Typical time
65 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in
Read the releasePractise this: Government Schemes & Policy

Month →

National

The four Labour Codes come into force

All four Labour Codes came into force on 21 November 2025, replacing 29 central labour laws.

On 21 November 2025 the government brought all four Labour Codes into force: the Code on Wages, 2019; the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Code on Social Security, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020. Together they replace 29 central labour laws, many framed between the 1930s and the 1950s.

Among the changes: appointment letters become mandatory, a minimum wage applies to all workers, social security reaches gig, platform and inter-state migrant workers, and women may work in all sectors, night shifts included. Parliament had passed the codes in 2019 and 2020; November 2025 is when they took effect.

Test yourself

Question 1

EasyOriginal question

From which date were the four Labour Codes made effective?

  1. A1 April 2025
  2. B15 August 2025
  3. C21 November 2025
  4. D1 January 2026
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: C

Explanation

  1. The government made all four codes effective from 21 November 2025.

  2. The codes had been passed by Parliament years earlier, in 2019 and 2020.

Concept
Commencement of the Labour Codes
Typical time
40 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 2

MediumOriginal question

How many existing central labour laws do the four Labour Codes rationalise?

  1. A4
  2. B12
  3. C29
  4. D44
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: C

Explanation

  1. The four codes rationalise 29 central labour laws.

  2. Four is the number of codes that replace them.

Concept
Laws replaced by the Labour Codes
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 3

MediumOriginal question

Which of these is NOT one of the four Labour Codes in force from November 2025?

  1. AThe Code on Employment Guarantee
  2. BThe Code on Wages
  3. CThe Industrial Relations Code
  4. DThe Code on Social Security
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A

Explanation

  1. The four are the Code on Wages, the Industrial Relations Code, the Code on Social Security and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code.

  2. Rural employment is guaranteed by a separate Act, not by any labour code.

Concept
The four Labour Codes
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 4

HardOriginal question

Which of the four Labour Codes is the only one enacted in 2019?

  1. AThe Code on Social Security
  2. BThe Code on Wages
  3. CThe Industrial Relations Code
  4. DThe Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

  1. The Code on Wages is dated 2019; the other three are all 2020.

  2. All four took effect together on 21 November 2025.

Concept
Years of the Labour Codes
Typical time
65 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in
Read the releasePractise this: National

Month →

Environment & Climate

COP30 in Belém: a Just Transition Mechanism

COP30 in Belém, Brazil, closed on 22 November 2025 with a Just Transition Mechanism, which India welcomed.

The 30th UN climate conference, COP30, was held in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025. In its closing statement on 22 November, India welcomed the establishment of a Just Transition Mechanism as a significant milestone and welcomed progress on the Global Goal on Adaptation, which it said recognised the scale of adaptation needs in developing countries.

India pressed developed countries on Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement — their obligation to provide climate finance — and noted that the promises of Rio were made 33 years earlier. Earlier, in its national statement, India restated its own net-zero target of 2070.

Test yourself

Question 1

EasyOriginal question

Where was COP30, the UN climate conference of November 2025, held?

  1. ABaku, Azerbaijan
  2. BBelém, Brazil
  3. CDubai, UAE
  4. DRio de Janeiro, Brazil
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

  1. COP30 was held in Belém, in the Brazilian Amazon.

  2. Baku hosted COP29 and Dubai COP28; Rio hosted the 1992 Earth Summit.

Concept
Venue of COP30
Typical time
40 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 2

MediumOriginal question

Which new mechanism established at COP30 did India call a significant milestone?

  1. AThe Loss and Damage Fund
  2. BThe Clean Development Mechanism
  3. CThe Green Climate Fund
  4. DThe Just Transition Mechanism
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: D

Explanation

  1. India welcomed the establishment of the Just Transition Mechanism as a foremost outcome.

  2. The Loss and Damage Fund was set up earlier, at COP27–28; the Clean Development Mechanism dates from the Kyoto Protocol.

Concept
COP30 outcomes
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 3

HardOriginal question

At COP30 India pressed developed countries on Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement. What does it concern?

  1. ADeveloped countries' obligation to provide climate finance
  2. BThe 1.5 °C temperature goal
  3. CCarbon markets between countries
  4. DThe five-yearly global stocktake
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A

Explanation

  1. Article 9.1 says developed countries shall provide financial resources to help developing countries.

  2. The temperature goal is Article 2, carbon markets Article 6 and the global stocktake Article 14.

Concept
Paris Agreement Article 9.1
Typical time
65 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 4

MediumOriginal question

In its COP30 national statement, India restated its net-zero target for which year?

  1. A2047
  2. B2050
  3. C2060
  4. D2070
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: D

Explanation

  1. India's net-zero target is 2070, first announced at COP26 in Glasgow.

  2. 2047 is the Viksit Bharat target, a development goal rather than an emissions one.

Concept
India's net-zero year
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in
Read the releasePractise this: Environment & Climate

Month →

International

The first G20 summit in Africa

South Africa hosted the first G20 summit in Africa, in Johannesburg on 22–23 November 2025.

South Africa hosted the G20 Leaders' Summit in Johannesburg on 22–23 November 2025 — the first G20 summit held in Africa. It was the Prime Minister's 12th G20 summit.

In the opening session he proposed six ideas, among them a G20 Global Traditional Knowledge Repository, a G20 Africa Skills Multiplier to train one million certified trainers for Africa's youth, a G20 Global Healthcare Response Team, and a G20 Open Satellite Data Partnership to share space agencies' data with developing countries. He framed them with 'Integral Humanism', a holistic view of people, society and nature.

Test yourself

Question 1

EasyOriginal question

The G20 Leaders' Summit of November 2025 was the first held on which continent?

  1. ASouth America
  2. BAsia
  3. CAfrica
  4. DOceania
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: C

Explanation

  1. Johannesburg, South Africa, hosted the first G20 summit in Africa.

  2. Asia and South America had hosted earlier summits — New Delhi in 2023, Rio de Janeiro in 2024.

Concept
G20 Johannesburg 2025
Typical time
40 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 2

MediumOriginal question

What is the 'G20 Africa Skills Multiplier' that India proposed at Johannesburg meant to create?

  1. AA pool of one million certified trainers for Africa's youth
  2. BOne million scholarships at Indian universities
  3. CA single skills certificate valid in all G20 countries
  4. DA fund to double Africa's industrial output
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A

Explanation

  1. The proposal is to build a pool of one million certified trainers who would skill young people in Africa.

  2. Training trainers is what makes it a 'multiplier': each trainer reaches many learners.

Concept
India's G20 proposals, 2025
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in

Question 3

MediumOriginal question

Which of these was NOT among the ideas India proposed at the Johannesburg G20 summit?

  1. AA G20 Global Traditional Knowledge Repository
  2. BA G20 Global Healthcare Response Team
  3. CA G20 Open Satellite Data Partnership
  4. DA G20 common digital currency
Your answer
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: D

Explanation

  1. India proposed a knowledge repository, a healthcare response team, a satellite-data partnership and an Africa skills programme, among six ideas.

  2. No common currency was proposed.

Concept
India's G20 proposals, 2025
Typical time
50 seconds
Written from
pib.gov.in
Read the releasePractise this: International

Month →

Take the week's quiz

10 questions from this week's stories, untimed, with the answer after each.

Take the week's quiz

Every item on this page, and the document it came from

Sources on this page · Last verified:

  1. 21st Instalment of PM-KISAN — Press Information Bureau (explainer)
  2. Government Makes the Four Labour Codes effective to Simplify and Streamline Labour Laws — Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Labour and Employment
  3. India Welcomes Key Outcomes at UNFCCC CoP30; Reaffirms Commitment to Equity, Climate Justice and Global Solidarity — Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  4. Prime Minister participates in G20 Summit in Johannesburg — Press Information Bureau, Prime Minister's Office