Ordering Sentences into a Paragraph in CUET English
About 5 min to learn · 250 questions
Four or five sentences of a paragraph printed out of order, sometimes with the opening or closing sentence given. One sentence can open the paragraph; every other sentence points back to the one before it. This lesson teaches how to find the opener, the links that tie each sentence to the last, and how to use the options to finish quickly.
This is the same item type as rearranging the parts of a sentence, one level up. The paper gives four or five sentences from a paragraph, out of order, and four orders to choose from. Sometimes the opening or the closing sentence is given, and you order the ones around it.
In the paper, the sentences are labelled A to E and the options are numbered 1 to 4. Here the sentences are labelled P to T, so they never get mixed up with the option letters A to D.
The key idea is simple. A paragraph has one sentence that can stand first, and every other sentence leans on the one before it. Find the opener, then follow the links.
The opener introduces the topic in full. It names the person, the place, the thing or the idea, and it needs nothing before it. So it almost never begins with:
a pronoun such as he, she, it, they or this;
a linking word such as but, so, however, then, also or in fact;
"the" with a noun that has not been mentioned yet, such as "the pot" or "the stranger".
An opener is often a general statement, a common belief or a question: "Many people think that bats are blind", "Why do we yawn?"
Pronouns point back to something just named: "Meena found a puppy." "She wrapped it in a towel."
"The" after "a": "Plant them in a pot of soil." "Water the pot every day."
Linking words show how two ideas meet: but and however turn against what came before; so and as a result follow from it; also and another add to it; in fact corrects it.
Time and steps run forwards: first, next, then, finally; at first, later, today.
Patterns: a question, then its answer; a problem, then what was done about it; a belief, then the evidence against it.
Find the opener. Strike every option that starts with another sentence.
Find one sure pair, a sentence that must come straight after another, such as a pronoun and the noun it points back to. Strike every option that splits them.
Read the option that is left as one paragraph. Each sentence should lean on the one before it.
Example 1 · The opener and one pair
Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.
Sentence
Words
P
When it is dry, the pot is baked in a fire until it turns hard and red.
Q
The potter shapes the clay on a turning wheel with wet hands.
R
A clay pot begins as a lump of wet earth.
S
The shaped pot is then left in the shade for a few days to dry.
Options: RQSP; RSQP; QRSP; RQPS.
R introduces the topic, a clay pot, and says where it begins. Q is already in the middle of the work, so it cannot come before the beginning. QRSP goes.
"The shaped pot" in S needs the shaping in Q, so Q comes straight before S. RSQP goes.
"When it is dry" in P needs the drying in S, so S comes before P. RQPS goes.
Answer
RQSP: the earth, the shaping, the drying, the baking.
Example 2 · Using the given opening
The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.
Opening: Many people believe that goldfish can remember things for only three seconds.
Sentence
Words
P
In one test, goldfish learned to push a small lever to get food.
Q
But experiments have shown that this is not true.
R
They still remembered how to do it months later.
S
So the "three-second memory" is only a myth.
Options: QPRS; PQRS; QRPS; QPSR.
The opening gives a belief. "But" in Q turns against it, so Q comes first. PQRS goes.
"How to do it" in R needs the lever trick in P, so P comes straight before R. QRPS goes.
"So" in S draws the conclusion, and a conclusion comes last. QPSR goes.
Answer
QPRS: the belief, the "but", the test, what the fish remembered, and the conclusion.
Exam shortcut
When the opening or closing sentence is given, use it. The first sentence you place must follow from the opening, and the last one must lead into the closing.
The pronoun opener. "She got up early and made tea" sounds like a start, but "she" needs a name first.
The right opener, then a swap. Many wrong options start with the right sentence and swap two sentences in the middle. Check the pair with the strongest link.
A loose sentence. If one sentence seems to fit in two places, place the sentences with strong links first. The loose one goes where it is left.
A conclusion in the middle. Sentences that begin with "so", "that is why" or "in this way" sum up what came before, and they usually come last.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Every Saturday, Kavita helps her grandfather in his vegetable shop.
P. Together they arrange the tomatoes, onions and potatoes in neat piles.
Q. When the customers start coming, she weighs the vegetables while he takes the money.
R. She reaches the shop at seven and helps him lift the shutter.
S. At noon, they close for lunch and share the food her grandmother has packed.
Closing: In the afternoon, Kavita goes home tired but happy, with a bag of fresh fruit.
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AnswerB · RPQS
After the opening sentence, R is the start of the day: she reaches the shop at seven.
P is the next job, setting out the vegetables "together". Q comes "when the customers start coming", and S is "at noon", which leads to the afternoon in the closing sentence.
So the order is RPQS.
Worth noting
RQPS serves customers before the vegetables have been set out.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Plants make their own food in their leaves.
P. The water comes up from the roots through thin tubes in the stem.
Q. The carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes on the underside of each leaf.
R. To do this, they need sunlight, water and a gas from the air called carbon dioxide.
S. Using the energy of sunlight, the leaf joins these together to make sugar.
Closing: This process is called photosynthesis, and it also gives off the oxygen we breathe.
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AnswerC · RPQS
After the opening sentence, R says what plants need "to do this".
P says where "the water" comes from, and Q where "the carbon dioxide" enters. S joins "these together", which leads to the name of the process in the closing sentence.
So the order is RPQS.
Worth noting
PRQS says where "the water" comes from before the paragraph has said that plants need water.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.
P. Hundreds of millions of people depend on the water these rivers carry.
Q. They stretch for about two and a half thousand kilometres across Asia.
R. Many of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest, stand among them.
S. Their snow and glaciers feed great rivers such as the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
Closing: That is why the Himalayas are sometimes called the water towers of Asia.
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AnswerD · QRSP
After the opening sentence, Q gives their length, with "they".
R names the peaks "among them". S turns to "their snow and glaciers", and P depends on "these rivers" from S, which leads to "that is why" in the closing sentence.
So the order is QRSP.
Worth noting
RQPS mentions "these rivers" before any river has been named.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The children decided to put on a puppet show for the younger classes.
P. On the day of the show, the little ones sat on the floor in front of the curtain.
Q. For a week, they practised moving the puppets and saying their lines behind a curtain.
R. First, they wrote a short story about a greedy crow and a clever fox.
S. Then they made the puppets from old socks, buttons and bits of wool.
Closing: When the fox tricked the crow, they laughed so loudly that the principal came to see.
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AnswerC · RSQP
After the opening sentence, R says "first": they wrote the story.
S says "then": the puppets. Q is a week of practice with "the puppets", and P is the day of the show, which leads to the laughter in the closing sentence.
So the order is RSQP.
Worth noting
RQSP practises with the puppets before they have been made.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The honeybee dance is one of the most surprising things in nature.
P. When a worker bee finds a good patch of flowers, she flies back to the hive.
Q. The other bees then fly out and find the flowers without ever having seen them.
R. The direction of the dance tells them which way to fly, and its length tells them how far.
S. There she does a little dance on the honeycomb, in front of the other bees.
Closing: In this way, a single bee can guide hundreds of others to food.
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AnswerB · PSRQ
After the opening sentence, P is when a bee finds flowers and flies back.
S is what she does "there", in the hive. R explains what the dance tells "them", and Q is "then", which leads to "in this way" in the closing sentence.
So the order is PSRQ.
Worth noting
SPRQ has "she" dance "there" before any bee or place has been named.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: A tortoise can live for more than a hundred years.
P. It moves slowly, but it does not need to be fast.
Q. It also needs very little food, and can go for weeks without eating.
R. Its hard shell protects it from most animals that might attack it.
S. When it senses danger, it simply pulls its head and legs inside.
Closing: With a body like this, a tortoise has no need to hurry.
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AnswerD · PRSQ
After the opening sentence, P says it is slow but "does not need to be fast".
R gives the first reason: its shell. S says it pulls its head and legs "inside", which needs the shell. Q adds a second reason with "also", which leads to "a body like this" in the closing sentence.
So the order is PRSQ.
Worth noting
PSRQ has the tortoise pull its head and legs "inside" before its shell has been mentioned.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Owls can turn their heads almost all the way round.
P. Its neck has twice as many bones as ours, which lets it twist much further.
Q. Their eyes are fixed in their heads and cannot move like ours.
R. Special blood vessels in its neck keep the blood flowing even when the head is turned right round.
S. So to look to the side or behind, an owl must turn its whole head.
Closing: This is how an owl can watch what is behind it without moving its body.
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AnswerA · QSPR
After the opening sentence, Q gives the reason: their eyes cannot move.
S draws the result with "so", P says how its neck makes this possible, and R adds the blood vessels in "its neck", which leads to "this is how" in the closing sentence.
So the order is QSPR.
Worth noting
SQPR opens with "so", which needs a reason before it.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Meenakshi's family runs a small dhaba on the highway.
P. Her mother makes the dough for the rotis and cuts the vegetables.
Q. Meenakshi helps before school, carrying plates and taking orders.
R. Her father lights the tandoor at five in the morning.
S. By seven, the first trucks pull up, and the drivers order tea and parathas.
Closing: When she leaves for school at eight, the dhaba is already full.
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AnswerA · RPSQ
After the opening sentence, R is the first job, at five.
P is her mother's work, S is "by seven", when the trucks come, and Q is how Meenakshi helps "before school", which leads to her leaving at eight in the closing sentence.
So the order is RPSQ.
Worth noting
RPQS has Meenakshi carrying plates before the first trucks have arrived.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The Konkan Railway runs along India's west coast, from Maharashtra to Karnataka.
P. The land is cut by hundreds of rivers, and steep hills rise straight from the sea.
Q. Yet in the 1990s, workers built the line through ninety tunnels and across two thousand bridges.
R. For decades, engineers had said that a railway there could not be built.
S. They finished it in just seven years.
Closing: Today the train carries people and goods along a route that once took days by road.
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AnswerC · RPQS
After the opening sentence, R gives the old belief: it could not be built.
P gives the reason, the rivers and hills. Q turns with "yet", and S says how fast "they" finished "it", which leads to "today" in the closing sentence.
So the order is RPQS.
Worth noting
PRSQ has "they" finish "it" before anyone has started building.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Anu had always been scared of dogs.
P. Since then, she crossed the road whenever she saw one.
Q. She said no at first, but the puppy looked at her with such sad eyes that she agreed.
R. When she was five, a street dog had chased her all the way home.
S. Last year, her neighbours asked her to look after their puppy for a week.
Closing: By the end of the week, she did not want to give it back.
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AnswerB · RPSQ
After the opening sentence, R gives the cause: a dog chased her at five.
P is "since then", S is "last year", the request, and Q is her answer, which leads to the end of the week in the closing sentence.
So the order is RPSQ.
Worth noting
RSPQ puts "since then" after the neighbours' request, so it seems to begin with the request, and "she said no" is cut off from the question it answers.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Mangroves are trees that grow where rivers meet the sea.
P. In 2004, when a tsunami struck the coast of Tamil Nadu, villages behind thick mangroves suffered far less damage.
Q. Their roots grow down into the salty mud and arch up above the water.
R. Scientists later studied these villages and found that the trees had taken much of the waves' force.
S. These tangled roots slow down the waves before they reach the shore.
Closing: Since then, many coastal states have begun to plant mangroves again.
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AnswerD · QSPR
After the opening sentence, Q describes "their roots".
S says what "these tangled roots" do, P gives the 2004 example, and R says scientists "later studied these villages", which leads to "since then" in the closing sentence.
So the order is QSPR.
Worth noting
SQPR says "these tangled roots" before the roots have been described.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: In many Indian homes, the day begins with a cup of tea.
P. A little under two hundred years ago, the British began to grow it in Assam to sell abroad.
Q. Then, in the early twentieth century, tea companies began to advertise it to Indians themselves.
R. For a long time, most of it was sent out of the country, and few Indians drank it.
S. But tea was not always a common drink here.
Closing: Within a few decades, a cup of chai had become part of daily life across the country.
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AnswerC · SPRQ
After the opening sentence, S turns with "but": tea was not always common.
P says when it began to be grown, R is "for a long time" it was sent abroad, and Q is "then", the advertising, which leads to "within a few decades" in the closing sentence.
So the order is SPRQ.
Worth noting
SRQP says "most of it was sent out" before the paragraph has said where the tea came from.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: A single tree can do a great deal of work in a city.
P. In the monsoon, its roots soak up the rain, and the gate is the only place that never floods.
Q. Take the neem tree outside our school, planted by a teacher forty years ago.
R. On summer afternoons, its shade keeps the gate so cool that the whole school waits there for the bus.
S. And all year, its branches are full of parrots, whose noise we hear even in class.
Closing: Without it, our school would be hotter, wetter and much quieter.
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AnswerC · QRPS
After the opening sentence, Q brings in one tree: "take the neem tree".
R, P and S give its work in order: "its shade" in summer, "its roots" in the monsoon, and "all year" its branches. The closing sentence lists them in the same order: hotter, wetter, quieter.
So the order is QRPS.
Worth noting
RQPS opens with "its shade" before the neem tree has been named.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The first Indian to win an Olympic medal in wrestling was K. D. Jadhav, in 1952.
P. He came from a small village in Maharashtra, where his father was also a wrestler.
Q. In Helsinki, Jadhav won a bronze medal, India's first individual Olympic medal after independence.
R. To pay for his trip to the Olympics in Helsinki, he went from door to door asking for help.
S. The principal of his old college even mortgaged his house to give him money.
Closing: When he returned, his village welcomed him with a procession of a hundred bullock carts.
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AnswerD · PRSQ
After the opening sentence, P gives where "he" came from.
R is how he raised money for Helsinki, S adds that the principal "even" mortgaged his house, and Q is "in Helsinki", which leads to his return in the closing sentence.
So the order is PRSQ.
Worth noting
RPQS has the principal mortgage his house before we know Jadhav needed money.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Ria wanted to find out whether plants grow better with music.
P. She planted six bean seeds in six pots of the same soil.
Q. She gave all six pots the same water and the same sunlight.
R. She kept three pots in a room where a radio played songs all day, and three in a silent room.
S. After a month, she measured the plants and found almost no difference.
Closing: Her teacher said the experiment was a success, because a clear answer, even "no", is still an answer.
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AnswerB · PRQS
After the opening sentence, P plants "six bean seeds in six pots".
R splits the pots between the two rooms, Q gives "all six pots" the same care, and S is "after a month", which leads to her teacher's view in the closing sentence.
So the order is PRQS.
Worth noting
RPQS moves the pots between rooms before any pots have been planted.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The internet feels like something in the air, but most of it travels under the sea.
P. Cables about as thick as a garden hose lie on the ocean floor between the continents.
Q. Those flashes carry almost all the data that crosses the oceans.
R. Inside them, glass fibres carry messages as flashes of light.
S. When a cable is broken, by a ship's anchor or an earthquake, whole countries can lose much of their internet.
Closing: So the next time a message reaches a friend abroad, remember the long trip it took along the bottom of the sea.
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AnswerC · PRQS
After the opening sentence, P says where: cables on the ocean floor.
R is what is "inside them", Q is what "those flashes" carry, and S is what happens when a cable breaks, which leads to the reminder in the closing sentence.
So the order is PRQS.
Worth noting
RPSQ opens with "inside them", which has nothing to point to until the cables are named.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: Aditi had never cooked a meal on her own.
P. The rice turned out fine, but she forgot the salt in the dal.
Q. Her father tasted it, said nothing, and quietly added salt to everyone's bowl.
R. She called her grandmother, who told her how to make dal and rice over the phone.
S. When her mother fell ill, Aditi decided to make dinner for the family.
Closing: Later, her mother said it was the best dinner she had ever eaten, because someone else had made it.
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AnswerA · SRPQ
After the opening sentence, S is why she decided to cook.
R is how she learned, P is how the food turned out, and Q is what her father did about the missing salt, which leads to "later" in the closing sentence.
So the order is SRPQ.
Worth noting
SPRQ has the food turn out before she has found out how to make it.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: The town's last cinema hall was going to close.
P. People who had not been to the cinema in years came with their children, to show them what it had been like.
Q. The owner, an old man who had run it for forty years, put up a notice saying the last show would be on Sunday.
R. For years, fewer and fewer people had come, as everyone watched films on their phones.
S. Word spread, and on Sunday a queue stretched down the street.
Closing: The owner was so moved that he decided to open one day a week for as long as he could.
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AnswerB · RQSP
After the opening sentence, R gives the reason: fewer people came.
Q is the owner's notice, S is "word spread" and the queue "on Sunday", and P says who came, which leads to the owner's decision in the closing sentence.
So the order is RQSP.
Worth noting
RSPQ has the queue form on Sunday before the owner has put up his notice.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: An argument is only as strong as the evidence behind it.
P. Only a careful study, comparing many people who follow the diet with many who do not, can show whether the diet itself worked.
Q. Suppose a friend says that a new diet helped him lose ten kilograms.
R. That is one person's story, and many other things might explain it.
S. He may also have started walking more, or eating less without noticing.
Closing: So before we believe a claim, we should ask not just "Is it true for someone?" but "What is the evidence?"
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AnswerD · QRSP
After the opening sentence, Q gives an example: "suppose".
R says "that is one person's story", S adds other things he "may also" have done, and P says what "only a careful study" can show, which leads to the lesson in the closing sentence.
So the order is QRSP.
Worth noting
RQSP opens with "that is one person's story", before any story has been told.
The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.
Opening: A lie, it is said, can travel halfway round the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes.
P. Correcting it takes much longer, because the correction is less exciting and fewer people share it.
Q. A false story shared on a phone can reach millions of people in a few hours.
R. Today, this is truer than ever.
S. By the time the truth arrives, many have already made up their minds.
Closing: So before we share something, it is worth taking a minute to check whether it is true.
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AnswerD · RQPS
After the opening sentence, R says "this", the saying, is truer than ever today.
Q shows how fast a false story travels, P how slow "correcting it" is, and S is "by the time the truth arrives", which leads to "so" in the closing sentence.
So the order is RQPS.
Worth noting
QRPS opens with a false story, so "this is truer than ever" then points at the story, and "correcting it" at nothing.
The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.
P. Most of what we call "taste" is really smell.
Q. The tongue itself can tell only a few things: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and savoury.
R. Everything else, from the taste of mango to the taste of coffee, comes from the nose.
S. When we chew, air carrying the smell of the food travels up from the back of the mouth to the nose.
Closing: That is why food tastes so dull when you have a blocked nose from a cold.
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AnswerD · PSQR
P opens with the claim. S says how the smell reaches the nose when we chew.
Q says what "the tongue itself" can tell, and R gives "everything else" to the nose, which leads to "that is why" in the closing sentence.
So the order is PSQR.
Worth noting
PSRQ says "everything else" before the paragraph has said what the tongue can tell.
NTA's English syllabus is one page. It names two skill areas: Reading Comprehension, with three kinds of passage of at most 300 words each (factual, narrative and literary), and Verbal Ability, with four item types (rearranging the parts, match the following, choosing the correct word, synonyms and antonyms). It says the questions are not limited to these, and prints no chapters and no split of the 50 questions. So the chapters here are ours. Reading is split by the kind of passage, because a poem is not read the way a report is. Verbal Ability is split into three areas of our own: Vocabulary, Sentence & paragraph order, and Grammar & usage. Where a chapter covers something past NTA's short list, it says so, and it is there because the papers since 2022 have asked it.