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Ordering Sentences into a Paragraph in CUET English

About 5 min to learn · 250 questions

Four or five sentences of a paragraph printed out of order, sometimes with the opening or closing sentence given. One sentence can open the paragraph; every other sentence points back to the one before it. This lesson teaches how to find the opener, the links that tie each sentence to the last, and how to use the options to finish quickly.

Syllabus area
Sentence & paragraph order
On this page · 6 sections
  1. 01The core idea
  2. 02The method
  3. 03Links that decide most questions
  4. 04Traps in the option lists
  5. 05Quick revision
  6. 06Check your understanding

The core idea

This is the same item type as rearranging the parts of a sentence, one level up. The paper gives four or five sentences from a paragraph, out of order, and four orders to choose from. Sometimes the opening or the closing sentence is given, and you order the ones around it.

In the paper, the sentences are labelled A to E and the options are numbered 1 to 4. Here the sentences are labelled P to T, so they never get mixed up with the option letters A to D.

The key idea is simple. A paragraph has one sentence that can stand first, and every other sentence leans on the one before it. Find the opener, then follow the links.

The method

Which sentence opens the paragraph?

The opener introduces the topic in full. It names the person, the place, the thing or the idea, and it needs nothing before it. So it almost never begins with:

  • a pronoun such as he, she, it, they or this;
  • a linking word such as but, so, however, then, also or in fact;
  • "the" with a noun that has not been mentioned yet, such as "the pot" or "the stranger".

An opener is often a general statement, a common belief or a question: "Many people think that bats are blind", "Why do we yawn?"

  • Pronouns point back to something just named: "Meena found a puppy." "She wrapped it in a towel."
  • "The" after "a": "Plant them in a pot of soil." "Water the pot every day."
  • Linking words show how two ideas meet: but and however turn against what came before; so and as a result follow from it; also and another add to it; in fact corrects it.
  • Time and steps run forwards: first, next, then, finally; at first, later, today.
  • Patterns: a question, then its answer; a problem, then what was done about it; a belief, then the evidence against it.

How do the options help?

  1. Find the opener. Strike every option that starts with another sentence.
  2. Find one sure pair, a sentence that must come straight after another, such as a pronoun and the noun it points back to. Strike every option that splits them.
  3. Read the option that is left as one paragraph. Each sentence should lean on the one before it.

Example 1 · The opener and one pair

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

SentenceWords
PWhen it is dry, the pot is baked in a fire until it turns hard and red.
QThe potter shapes the clay on a turning wheel with wet hands.
RA clay pot begins as a lump of wet earth.
SThe shaped pot is then left in the shade for a few days to dry.

Options: RQSP; RSQP; QRSP; RQPS.

  1. R introduces the topic, a clay pot, and says where it begins. Q is already in the middle of the work, so it cannot come before the beginning. QRSP goes.

  2. "The shaped pot" in S needs the shaping in Q, so Q comes straight before S. RSQP goes.

  3. "When it is dry" in P needs the drying in S, so S comes before P. RQPS goes.

Answer

RQSP: the earth, the shaping, the drying, the baking.

Example 2 · Using the given opening

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Many people believe that goldfish can remember things for only three seconds.

SentenceWords
PIn one test, goldfish learned to push a small lever to get food.
QBut experiments have shown that this is not true.
RThey still remembered how to do it months later.
SSo the "three-second memory" is only a myth.

Options: QPRS; PQRS; QRPS; QPSR.

  1. The opening gives a belief. "But" in Q turns against it, so Q comes first. PQRS goes.

  2. "How to do it" in R needs the lever trick in P, so P comes straight before R. QRPS goes.

  3. "So" in S draws the conclusion, and a conclusion comes last. QPSR goes.

Answer

QPRS: the belief, the "but", the test, what the fish remembered, and the conclusion.

Exam shortcut

When the opening or closing sentence is given, use it. The first sentence you place must follow from the opening, and the last one must lead into the closing.

Which clues tell you what came before?

ClueWhat it needs before itExample
he, she, it, theythe person or thing namedMeena found a puppy. She wrapped it up.
this, these, suchthe idea just describedMost bats see well. This surprises people.
the + a nounthe same noun, often with "a"a pot of soil ... the pot
but, however, yetsomething to turn againstMany think bats are blind. But ...
so, as a resulta causeThey breed in still water. So ...
also, anothera first itemIts eyes help it. It also ...
then, finally, later, todayan earlier step or timeFirst, soak the beans. Next ...

Traps in the option lists

How are the wrong options built?

  • The pronoun opener. "She got up early and made tea" sounds like a start, but "she" needs a name first.
  • The right opener, then a swap. Many wrong options start with the right sentence and swap two sentences in the middle. Check the pair with the strongest link.
  • A loose sentence. If one sentence seems to fit in two places, place the sentences with strong links first. The loose one goes where it is left.
  • A conclusion in the middle. Sentences that begin with "so", "that is why" or "in this way" sum up what came before, and they usually come last.

Quick revision

Opener

  • Names the topic in full
  • No he, it or this at the start
  • No but, so, also or then at the start

Links

  • Pronouns point back
  • "The" after "a"
  • Turn, result, addition, correction
  • Time words run forwards

Method

  • Opener first, strike options
  • One sure pair, strike again
  • Read what is left as one paragraph

Sentence-level joins work the same way inside each sentence; the lesson on rearranging the parts of a sentence covers them.

Next · 05Quick revision

Check your understanding

250 questions, grouped by type, easy to hard. Pick an answer and check it. The worked solution opens when you ask for it.

Four sentences to orderQ1 of 250Q1

Four sentences to order

90 questions

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. She wrapped it in an old towel and carried it inside.

Q. After a warm bowl of milk, the puppy stopped shaking and fell asleep.

R. Meena found a small puppy shivering outside her gate one rainy evening.

S. The next morning, her father agreed that they could keep it.

Options for question 1

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RPQS

  1. R opens the story: it names Meena and the puppy, and needs nothing before it.

  2. P follows with "she" and "it": Meena picks the puppy up. Q comes once the puppy is inside, and S says what happened "the next morning".

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

RQPS gives the puppy its milk before Meena has even carried it inside.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Growing a bean plant at home is easy.

Q. Water the pot every day, and within a week the first green shoots will appear.

R. First, soak a few beans in water overnight.

S. Next, plant them in a pot of soil, about two centimetres deep.

Options for question 2

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · PRSQ

  1. P opens: it names the task and needs nothing before it. R begins the steps with "first".

  2. S says "next" and plants "them", the soaked beans, in "a pot". Q waters "the pot", so it must come after the pot appears.

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ opens with "first, soak a few beans", before the paragraph has said what it is about.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Honeybees live in large groups called colonies.

Q. Each colony has one queen, who lays all the eggs.

R. They clean the hive, feed the young, guard the door and collect nectar.

S. The thousands of worker bees are all female, and they do every other job.

Options for question 3

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · PQSR

  1. P opens: it names honeybees and their colonies. Q follows with "each colony" and its queen.

  2. S turns to the other bees, the workers, and R lists the jobs that "they" do.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

PQRS lists the jobs before the worker bees who do them are named, so "they" seems to point at the queen.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The passengers got out to help him, and together they pushed the tree aside.

Q. The bus stopped suddenly in the middle of the forest road.

R. He found that a large tree had fallen across the road.

S. The driver got down to see what was wrong.

Options for question 4

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · QSRP

  1. Q opens: it sets the scene. S follows: the driver gets down to see why the bus stopped.

  2. R says what "he" found, and P says how the passengers helped "him" move "the tree".

  3. So the order is QSRP.

Worth noting

SQRP opens with the driver getting down before we know the bus has stopped.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Because it is so close, its light reaches us in only about eight minutes.

Q. It looks much bigger and brighter only because it is much closer to us.

R. Light from the next nearest star takes more than four years.

S. The Sun is a star, like the thousands of others we see at night.

Options for question 5

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SQPR

  1. S opens: it says what the Sun is. Q follows with "it" and says why it looks different from other stars: it is closer.

  2. P builds on "closer" with "because it is so close", and R compares it with "the next nearest star".

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPQR says "because it is so close" before the paragraph has said the Sun is close at all.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He stayed in the water so long that his mother had to call him out.

Q. On the first morning, he ran down to the beach before breakfast.

R. Arjun had never seen the sea before his trip to Goa.

S. The waves were bigger than he had imagined, and the water was warm.

Options for question 6

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RQSP

  1. R opens: it names Arjun and says he has never seen the sea. Q follows: "the first morning" of that trip.

  2. S describes the sea he finds at the beach, and P says how long "he stayed in the water".

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRSP opens with "on the first morning", before the paragraph has said what trip it means.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Pour in cold water, stir again and serve with ice.

Q. Add four spoons of sugar and the salt, and stir until they dissolve.

R. To make lemonade, you need lemons, sugar, water and a pinch of salt.

S. Squeeze the juice of two lemons into a jug.

Options for question 7

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · RSQP

  1. R opens: it names the drink and everything it needs. S is the first step, which puts the juice in "a jug".

  2. Q adds the sugar and "the salt" named in R. P says "stir again", so it comes after the first stirring in Q.

  3. So the order is RSQP.

Worth noting

RSPQ pours in the water and stirs "again" before anything has been stirred.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Camels are well suited to life in the desert.

Q. They can go for days without drinking water.

R. Their wide, flat feet are another help, because they stop them sinking into the soft sand.

S. When they do find water, they can drink as much as a hundred litres in about ten minutes.

Options for question 8

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · PQSR

  1. P opens: it says what the paragraph will show. Q gives the first reason, with "they" for the camels.

  2. S follows Q: "when they do find water" answers going for days "without drinking water". R adds "another help", so it comes after the first.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPSR opens with "they", which has no one to point to until the camels are named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It began with a march past by all the houses.

Q. At the end of the day, Green House was given the trophy for the most points.

R. The school's annual sports day was held last Friday.

S. After that came the races, and the crowd cheered every runner.

Options for question 9

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. R opens: it names the event. P follows with "it began", the first part of the day.

  2. S says "after that", so it follows the march past. Q is "the end of the day", so it comes last.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ puts "after that came the races" straight after the first sentence, so "that" points at the sports day before anything has begun.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Her mother smiled when she saw it all and gave her a big hug.

Q. Sunita wanted to surprise her mother on her birthday.

R. She got up early, made tea and toast, and put them on a tray.

S. Then she picked a flower from the garden and placed it beside the cup.

Options for question 10

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AnswerC · QRSP

  1. Q opens: it names Sunita and her plan. R is the first thing "she" did: tea and toast on a tray.

  2. S says "then" and puts the flower "beside the cup" from R. P is her mother's reaction, so it comes last.

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQSP opens with "she", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Each drop bends the light and splits it into its colours.

Q. These colours spread out into a band across the sky.

R. You see the band only when the Sun is behind you and the rain is in front of you.

S. A rainbow appears when sunlight passes through drops of rain.

Options for question 11

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SPQR

  1. S opens: it says when a rainbow appears. P explains what "each drop" does to the light.

  2. Q follows with "these colours", made in P, and R says when you can see "the band" from Q.

  3. So the order is SPQR.

Worth noting

SQPR says "these colours" before any colours have been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. By the time we reached the lions, it was lunchtime and they were fast asleep.

Q. The first animals we saw were the elephants, bathing in a pool.

R. Our class went on a trip to the zoo last week.

S. After the elephants, we watched the monkeys swinging from branch to branch.

Options for question 12

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RQSP

  1. R opens: it names the trip. Q gives "the first animals" they saw.

  2. S says "after the elephants", so it follows Q, and P is the last stop, at lunchtime.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRSP opens with "the first animals we saw", before the paragraph has said where "we" went.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It also eats dead leaves and leaves behind waste that makes the soil rich.

Q. An earthworm has no eyes, no ears and no legs.

R. Yet it is one of the most useful creatures in a garden.

S. As it moves through the soil, it makes tunnels that let in air and water.

Options for question 13

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · QRSP

  1. Q opens: it names the earthworm and what it lacks. R turns with "yet": it is useful all the same.

  2. S gives the first way it helps, and P adds a second with "also".

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

QRPS gives the second use, with "also", before the first.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Rohan could not find his new pen when he sat down in class.

Q. He looked for it in his bag and in all his pockets.

R. Rohan thanked him and promised to be more careful.

S. At lunch, his friend Aman found it under Rohan's desk.

Options for question 14

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · PQSR

  1. P opens: it names Rohan and his problem. Q says where "he" looked for "it".

  2. S says who found it, and R is Rohan thanking "him", Aman.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPSR opens with "he" and "it", which have nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. If the water is heated further, it boils and turns into steam.

Q. When it is heated, it melts and becomes water again.

R. When the steam cools, it turns back into drops of water.

S. Ice is frozen water.

Options for question 15

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SQPR

  1. S opens: it says what ice is. Q follows with "it", the ice, melting into water.

  2. P heats "the water" further, and R cools "the steam" from P.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPQR heats "the water further" before any heating has happened.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Every summer, she buys raw mangoes from the market.

Q. She cuts them into pieces and dries them in the sun for two days.

R. My grandmother makes the best mango pickle in our family.

S. Then she mixes them with oil, salt and spices and fills a big jar.

Options for question 16

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RPQS

  1. R opens: it names grandmother and her pickle. P is the first step: buying the mangoes.

  2. Q cuts and dries "them", and S says "then" she mixes them, so it follows the drying.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

PRSQ opens with "every summer, she", before we know who "she" is.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. But almost all of it is salty sea water.

Q. That is why it is important not to waste the fresh water we have.

R. Water covers about seventy per cent of the Earth's surface.

S. The rest, only a very small part, is fresh water that we can drink.

Options for question 17

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AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. R opens with a fact about water. P turns with "but": almost all of "it" is salty.

  2. S says "the rest" is fresh, so it follows P, and Q draws the lesson with "that is why".

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ says "the rest" before the paragraph has said what the first part is.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. My father dug the hole, and I held the sapling straight.

Q. My sister filled the hole with soil and pressed it down.

R. Last Sunday, our family planted a mango tree in the garden.

S. Finally, my mother watered it, and we all hoped it would grow tall.

Options for question 18

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · RPQS

  1. R opens: it names the day and the job. P is the first step: digging "the hole".

  2. Q fills "the hole", and S says "finally", so it comes last.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

PRQS opens with "my father dug the hole", before we know what the hole was for.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He also runs from the vacuum cleaner and even from his own shadow.

Q. But when a mouse came into the kitchen last week, Sheru chased it all the way to the garden.

R. Neha's cat, Sheru, is afraid of almost everything.

S. He hides under the bed when the doorbell rings.

Options for question 19

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · RSPQ

  1. R opens: it names Sheru and says he is afraid of almost everything. S gives a first example with "he".

  2. P adds more with "also", and Q turns with "but" to the surprise.

  3. So the order is RSPQ.

Worth noting

SRPQ opens with "he", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The Taj Mahal stands on the bank of the river Yamuna in Agra.

Q. Today, millions of visitors come every year to see its white marble.

R. He brought about twenty thousand workers, who took about twenty years to finish it.

S. It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

Options for question 20

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AnswerA · PSRQ

  1. P opens: it names the Taj Mahal and where it stands. S says who built "it" and why.

  2. R begins with "he", the emperor named in S. Q turns to "today".

  3. So the order is PSRQ.

Worth noting

PRSQ has "he" bring the workers before the emperor has been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Then he rides off to the next street, still ringing his bell.

Q. He rings his bell twice, and everyone comes out with a pot.

R. Every morning, the milkman comes to our street on his bicycle.

S. He pours out the milk from a large can that hangs on the side.

Options for question 21

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AnswerD · RQSP

  1. R opens: it names the milkman. Q says what "he" does first: rings his bell.

  2. S pours the milk for the people who came out in Q, and P says "then" he rides off.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRPS opens with "he", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. In the water, they use these flippers to swim very fast.

Q. Penguins are birds, but they cannot fly.

R. On land, they walk slowly or slide on their bellies over the ice.

S. Their wings are short and stiff, like flippers.

Options for question 22

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · QSPR

  1. Q opens: penguins are birds that cannot fly. S describes "their wings".

  2. P says what "these flippers" do in water, and R turns to land.

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

QPSR says "these flippers" before the wings have been called flippers.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. One day, the school announced a chess competition.

Q. Amit was the smallest boy in his class, and he was often teased.

R. Amit entered, though his friends laughed at him.

S. He beat every player in the school and won the cup.

Options for question 23

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AnswerA · QPRS

  1. Q opens: it names Amit. P brings the event, "one day".

  2. R says Amit "entered", which needs the competition in P, and S gives the result.

  3. So the order is QPRS.

Worth noting

QRPS has Amit enter before any competition has been announced.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They carry crumbs and seeds into their nest.

Q. When the rain comes, their food and their home stay dry.

R. Before the rains, the ants in our garden get very busy.

S. They also seal the openings with bits of mud.

Options for question 24

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. R opens: it names the ants and when they get busy. P says what "they" carry.

  2. S adds a second job with "also", and Q is "when the rain comes", the result of both.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RPQS brings the rain before the ants have finished getting ready.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A simple kind has a thin tube of liquid inside it.

Q. The number beside the top of the liquid gives the temperature.

R. A thermometer measures how hot or cold something is.

S. When the liquid gets warmer, it expands and rises up the tube.

Options for question 25

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. R opens: it says what a thermometer does. P describes "a simple kind".

  2. S says what "the liquid" does as it warms, and Q reads the number "beside the top of the liquid".

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

PRSQ opens with "a simple kind", before we know what it is a kind of.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Last night, the power went off during a storm.

Q. My grandfather told us stories of his childhood in the village.

R. We were almost sorry when the lights came back on.

S. We lit candles and sat together in the living room.

Options for question 26

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AnswerD · PSQR

  1. P opens: it says what happened. S says what "we" did in the dark.

  2. Q says how grandfather passed the time, and R is the end, when the lights came back.

  3. So the order is PSQR.

Worth noting

SPQR lights the candles before the power has gone off.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. At first, Sachin was scared to let go of the side.

Q. Sachin wanted to learn to swim before the summer holidays ended.

R. His uncle took him to the pool every morning.

S. By the end of the month, he could swim across the pool alone.

Options for question 27

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AnswerC · QRPS

  1. Q opens: it names Sachin and his wish. R says how "his uncle" helped.

  2. P is "at first", and S is "by the end of the month", so they follow in time.

  3. So the order is QRPS.

Worth noting

RQSP opens with "his uncle", before we know whose uncle.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. By the afternoon, the sun had come out, and the snowman had begun to melt.

Q. Last of all, a teacher lent them an old scarf to put round his neck.

R. The children in Shimla built a snowman in the school ground.

S. They gave him a carrot for a nose and two stones for eyes.

Options for question 28

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AnswerB · RSQP

  1. R opens: it names the children and the snowman. S says what "they" gave "him".

  2. Q says "last of all", so it follows the carrot and stones. P is "by the afternoon", later that day.

  3. So the order is RSQP.

Worth noting

SRQP opens with "they gave him", before the children and the snowman are named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Insects that fly into the web get stuck, and the spider comes to eat them.

Q. A spider's web is made of silk that comes from its own body.

R. The spider first spins a few strong threads like the spokes of a wheel.

S. Then it spins a sticky thread round and round, from the outside in.

Options for question 29

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AnswerA · QRSP

  1. Q opens: it says what a web is made of. R gives the first step with "first".

  2. S says "then", and P says what the finished web does.

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

QRPS has insects getting stuck before the sticky thread has been spun.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. This summer, the terrace gave us enough tomatoes for the whole season.

Q. My mother grows vegetables on our small terrace.

R. Every evening, she waters them and pulls out any weeds.

S. She uses old buckets and broken pots as planters.

Options for question 30

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AnswerC · QSRP

  1. Q opens: it names mother and her terrace garden. S says what "she" grows them in.

  2. R says how she cares for "them", the planters, and P gives the result "this summer".

  3. So the order is QSRP.

Worth noting

SQPR opens with "she", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It eats about a hundred and fifty kilograms of plants every day.

Q. An adult can weigh as much as six thousand kilograms.

R. To find so much food, a herd may walk many kilometres in a day.

S. Elephants are the largest animals that live on land.

Options for question 31

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AnswerA · SQPR

  1. S opens: it names elephants. Q gives the weight of "an adult".

  2. P says what "it", the adult, eats, and R says how a herd finds "so much food".

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPQR has "it" eat before any single elephant has been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. At last, he found it caught on a tree outside the post office.

Q. The kite floated away over the houses.

R. Sameer was flying his kite on the roof when the string snapped.

S. He ran down the stairs and chased it through three streets.

Options for question 32

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AnswerB · RQSP

  1. R opens: it names Sameer and what happened. Q says where "the kite" went.

  2. S says what "he" did, chasing "it", and P is "at last", when he found it.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRSP opens with "the kite floated away", before we know whose kite or what happened to it.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Next, oil the chain so that it turns smoothly.

Q. Finally, carry a pump and a repair kit in case of a puncture.

R. First, make sure the tyres are full of air and the brakes work well.

S. Before a long ride, it is wise to check your bicycle.

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AnswerD · SRPQ

  1. S opens: it names the task. R says "first", and P says "next".

  2. Q says "finally", so it comes last.

  3. So the order is SRPQ.

Worth noting

SRQP puts "finally" before "next", which breaks the order of the steps.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It also flies without a sound, so the mouse never hears it coming.

Q. The owl hunts at night, when most birds are asleep.

R. Its large eyes help it see in the dark.

S. Its ears are even better than its eyes: it can hear a mouse moving under the leaves.

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. Q opens: it names the owl and when it hunts. R says how "its large eyes" help.

  2. S compares its ears with "its eyes", so it follows R. P adds a third help with "also".

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQSP opens with "its large eyes", which has nothing to belong to until the owl is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He tells her about his cows and his garden, and she tells him about school.

Q. Deepa's grandfather lives alone in a village far from the city.

R. Before she puts the phone down, he always asks when she will visit.

S. Every Sunday, Deepa calls him on the phone.

Options for question 35

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AnswerC · QSPR

  1. Q opens: it names Deepa's grandfather. S says what Deepa does "every Sunday".

  2. P is what they talk about on the call, and R is the end of the call.

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

QPSR has them talking before any call has been made.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Many people think that bats are blind.

Q. In fact, most bats can see quite well.

R. They make high sounds and listen for the echoes that bounce back from objects.

S. Many of them also use echoes to find their way in the dark.

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AnswerC · PQSR

  1. P opens with a common belief. Q answers it with "in fact", so it must follow the belief.

  2. S adds "also use echoes", a second way of finding the way, and R explains how "they" do it.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

PSQR puts the echoes before "in fact", so the belief is not answered straight away and "also" has nothing to add to.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Last year, at the age of seventy, she joined an evening class in the village.

Q. Today she reads the newspaper to the whole family every morning.

R. She had left school at eight to help at home, and never went back.

S. Ravi's grandmother had always wanted to learn to read.

Options for question 37

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AnswerA · SRPQ

  1. S opens: it names her and her wish. R explains why she never learned: she left school as a child.

  2. P moves to "last year", when she finally joined a class, and Q is "today", the result.

  3. So the order is SRPQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ opens with "she", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It was once found across the dry grasslands of India, but now survives mainly in Rajasthan.

Q. It has disappeared from most of those grasslands because they have been turned into farms.

R. The Great Indian Bustard is one of the heaviest flying birds in the world.

S. Many of the birds that remain also die by flying into power lines, which they cannot see well.

Options for question 38

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AnswerD · RPQS

  1. R opens: it names the bird. P says where it was once found and where it survives now.

  2. Q explains why it vanished from "those grasslands", which P named. S gives a second danger with "also", so it comes after the first.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

RQSP says "those grasslands" before any grasslands have been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Perhaps he had given the boy too much change.

Q. He remembered that a boy had paid for a pen with a large note that afternoon.

R. The shopkeeper counted the money twice, but it was still a hundred rupees short.

S. Just then, the boy walked back into the shop and held out a hundred-rupee note.

Options for question 39

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AnswerB · RQPS

  1. R opens with the problem: the money is short. Q follows with what "he" remembers about the afternoon.

  2. P is his guess about "the boy" from Q, and S says "just then" the boy came back with the money.

  3. So the order is RQPS.

Worth noting

QRSP opens with a man remembering a boy, before we know what problem he is trying to explain.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. For this reason, several states have banned thin plastic bags.

Q. Shoppers are now asked to carry cloth or jute bags instead.

R. Until they do, they block drains and choke the animals that eat them.

S. Plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down.

Options for question 40

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AnswerA · SRPQ

  1. S opens: it names the problem. R follows with "until they do", which means until they break down.

  2. P says "for this reason", pointing back at the harm in R. Q says what shoppers carry "instead" of those bags.

  3. So the order is SRPQ.

Worth noting

SPRQ puts the ban before the harm that is its reason, and "until they do" then has nothing to point back to.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. That night, his neighbours came over to charge their phones and share his dinner.

Q. Only one house still had its lights on.

R. When the storm knocked out the power, the whole colony went dark.

S. It belonged to an old engineer who had fixed solar panels on his roof years ago.

Options for question 41

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AnswerC · RQSP

  1. R opens: the storm and the dark colony. Q points to the one house with lights.

  2. S says whose house "it" was and why it had power, and P says what "his neighbours" did "that night".

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRSP opens with "only one house still had its lights on", before the paragraph says the power went out.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. That is why the western slopes of the Western Ghats are among the wettest places in the country.

Q. Winds blowing from the sea carry moisture over the land.

R. When these winds meet the hills, they rise and cool, and the moisture falls as rain.

S. The monsoon brings most of India's rain between June and September.

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AnswerD · SQRP

  1. S opens: it names the monsoon and when it comes. Q explains where the rain comes from: winds from the sea.

  2. R says what happens when "these winds" reach the hills, and P gives the result with "that is why".

  3. So the order is SQRP.

Worth noting

SPRQ reaches "when these winds meet the hills" before any winds have been named, because the sentence about the winds comes last.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. She got on the wrong bus and reached twenty minutes late.

Q. Priya's first day at the new school did not start well.

R. But the girl at the next desk smiled and pushed her own book across to share.

S. Her class had already begun, and every head turned when she opened the door.

Options for question 43

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AnswerA · QPSR

  1. Q opens: it names Priya and says the day went badly. P gives the first thing that went wrong, with "she".

  2. S follows from arriving late: the class "had already begun". R begins with "but", turning the story towards something good.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

PQSR opens with "she", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Hold the burnt skin under cool running water for about twenty minutes.

Q. The first step in treating a burn is to cool it.

R. Finally, if the burn is large or deep, see a doctor as soon as possible.

S. Do not use ice instead of the water, and never put butter or toothpaste on a burn.

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AnswerB · QPSR

  1. Q opens: it names the first step, cooling. P says how: "under cool running water".

  2. S warns against ice "instead of the water", so it needs the water in P. R ends with "finally": when to see a doctor.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QSPR says "instead of the water" before any water has been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He always sat on the same bench and brought a bag of grain.

Q. The pigeons waited on the empty bench until it grew dark.

R. Every evening, an old man fed the pigeons in the park near our house.

S. One day in winter, he did not come.

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AnswerC · RPSQ

  1. R opens with the old man and his habit. P adds details of the habit with "he always".

  2. S breaks the habit: "one day ... he did not come". Q shows the pigeons on "the empty bench", which needs the bench from P and the missing man from S.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

PRQS opens with "he", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Today, ships use satellites, but many sailors still learn to read the stars.

Q. By finding it, a sailor knew which way his ship was heading.

R. In the past, sailors found their way at night by looking at the stars.

S. The Pole Star was the most useful, because it always stays in the north.

Options for question 46

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AnswerD · RSQP

  1. R opens: it says how sailors once found their way. S names the most useful star.

  2. Q says what finding "it", the Pole Star, told a sailor. P turns to "today".

  3. So the order is RSQP.

Worth noting

RQSP says "by finding it" straight after the first sentence, where "it" has nothing to point to.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The village school had only one teacher for five classes.

Q. In this way, the whole school learned together, like one large family.

R. She taught the youngest children in the morning and the older ones after lunch.

S. When the older children finished their work early, they helped the little ones read.

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AnswerC · PRSQ

  1. P opens: it describes the school. R says how "she", the one teacher, divided her day.

  2. S shows the older children helping, and Q sums it up with "in this way".

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ opens with "she", before the teacher has been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. So the best way to control them is to leave no water standing around the house.

Q. They breed in still water, even in the small amount left in a flowerpot or an old tyre.

R. Mosquitoes spread diseases such as malaria and dengue.

S. Covering water tanks and emptying coolers every week can make a big difference.

Options for question 48

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AnswerA · RQPS

  1. R opens: it names mosquitoes and the harm they do. Q says where "they" breed.

  2. P draws the lesson with "so": leave no water standing. S gives ways of doing that.

  3. So the order is RQPS.

Worth noting

RPSQ gives the ways of controlling them before the paragraph has said where mosquitoes breed.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. She crept down the stairs with a torch, her heart beating fast.

Q. There, in the torchlight, was the neighbour's cat, eating the leftover fish.

R. A strange sound woke Kavya in the middle of the night.

S. It seemed to come from the kitchen.

Options for question 49

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AnswerD · RSPQ

  1. R opens: it names Kavya and the sound. S says where "it" seemed to come from.

  2. P is what she did next, and Q begins with "there", the kitchen she reached.

  3. So the order is RSPQ.

Worth noting

SRQP opens with "it seemed to come from the kitchen", before any sound has been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Later, Indian clubs were formed, and the game spread to cities across the country.

Q. At first, it was played only by British soldiers and officials.

R. Today it is the most popular sport in India, followed by millions.

S. Cricket came to India with the British in the eighteenth century.

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AnswerB · SQPR

  1. S opens: it says when cricket came to India. Q says who played it "at first".

  2. P says "later", and R is "today", so the order runs forward through time.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPQR puts "later" before "at first", which turns time backwards.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The new library in our town opened last month.

Q. There is also a corner for children, with picture books and small chairs.

R. It has more than ten thousand books and a quiet reading room.

S. Since it opened, both the reading room and the children's corner have been full every evening.

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AnswerC · PRQS

  1. P opens: it names the library. R describes what "it" has.

  2. Q adds "also" a children's corner. S names both the reading room and "the children's corner", so it comes after both.

  3. So the order is PRQS.

Worth noting

RPQS opens with "it", which has nothing to point to until the library is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Bamboo is a kind of grass, not a tree.

Q. Because it grows so fast, it can be cut again and again without harming the plant.

R. This makes it a good material for building, furniture and even paper.

S. Some kinds can grow almost a metre in a single day.

Options for question 52

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AnswerC · PSQR

  1. P opens: it says what bamboo is. S says how fast some kinds grow.

  2. Q follows with "because it grows so fast", and R says what "this" makes bamboo good for.

  3. So the order is PSQR.

Worth noting

PRQS says "this makes it a good material" straight after the first sentence, before the reason has been given.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The old ferry was the only way across the river.

Q. Last year, a bridge was built a little way downstream.

R. Now the ferry sits empty, and the ferryman sells tea to people crossing the bridge.

S. Every morning, it carried workers, students and goats to the town on the far bank.

Options for question 53

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AnswerD · PSQR

  1. P opens: it names the ferry. S describes what "it" did each day.

  2. Q brings the change: a bridge. R says "now", after the bridge.

  3. So the order is PSQR.

Worth noting

SPQR opens with "it", which has nothing to point to until the ferry is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A tired student may forget answers that were learned well the day before.

Q. But research shows that sleep helps the brain store what we have learned.

R. Many students study late into the night before an exam.

S. So an early night can do more good than an extra hour of reading.

Options for question 54

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AnswerA · RQPS

  1. R opens with a common habit. Q turns with "but": sleep matters for memory.

  2. P shows what happens without sleep, and S draws the lesson with "so".

  3. So the order is RQPS.

Worth noting

QRPS opens with "but", which needs something before it to turn against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Within two months, the lake was clean and ducks had come back to it.

Q. Seeing them at work, more people joined them the next week.

R. On the first Sunday, they pulled out over fifty bags of plastic and rubbish.

S. A group of friends decided to clean up the lake near their colony.

Options for question 55

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AnswerB · SRQP

  1. S opens: it names the friends and their plan. R is "the first Sunday" of the work.

  2. Q says more people joined "the next week", and P is "within two months", the result.

  3. So the order is SRQP.

Worth noting

RSPQ opens with "on the first Sunday, they", before we know who "they" are.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It sits very still on a branch above the water, watching.

Q. Then it flies back to the branch and beats the fish against it before swallowing it.

R. The kingfisher is a small bird with bright blue and orange feathers.

S. When it sees a fish, it dives straight down and catches it in its beak.

Options for question 56

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AnswerA · RPSQ

  1. R opens: it names the bird. P says what "it" does: sits still, watching.

  2. S says what happens "when it sees a fish", and Q says "then", back to "the branch".

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSQP flies back "to the branch" and beats a fish before it has caught one.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When he finally bought it, he took photos of everything: birds, trees, people, even his breakfast.

Q. Rajesh had saved for two years to buy a camera.

R. Now he wants to become a photographer.

S. One of his photos, of an old woman selling flowers, won a prize in a newspaper competition.

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AnswerA · QPSR

  1. Q opens: it names Rajesh and his goal. P says what "he" did once he bought "it".

  2. S picks out "one of his photos", and R is "now", the result.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

PQSR opens with "he" and "it", which have nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When the water is too warm, the coral turns white and can die.

Q. Although they cover less than one per cent of the ocean floor, they are home to about a quarter of all sea creatures.

R. Coral reefs are sometimes called the rainforests of the sea.

S. But reefs are in danger, because the seas are getting warmer.

Options for question 58

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AnswerB · RQSP

  1. R opens: it names coral reefs. Q explains the name: they hold so much life in so little space.

  2. S turns with "but" to the danger, and P explains what warm water does.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

RSQP turns to the danger with "but" before the paragraph has said what makes reefs special.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The first day of the fair was a disaster.

Q. It rained all morning, and the ground turned to mud.

R. The next day, the sun came out, and the crowds were the biggest the town had seen.

S. Half the stalls could not open, and very few people came.

Options for question 59

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AnswerD · PQSR

  1. P opens with a summary: a disaster. Q gives the cause: rain and mud.

  2. S says what followed from the mud, and R turns to "the next day".

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPRS puts the next day's sunshine before the stalls that could not open, which mixes up the two days.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. An old man planted a small mango tree beside the road.

Q. A boy asked him why he bothered, since he would never live to eat its fruit.

R. Now, he said, it was his turn to plant for someone else.

S. The old man smiled and said that the trees he ate from had been planted by others.

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AnswerC · PQSR

  1. P opens: it names the old man and what he did. Q is the boy's question to "him".

  2. S is the old man's answer, and R finishes it with "now, he said".

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

PSQR has the old man answer before the boy has asked anything.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Many dictionaries also give an example sentence to show how the word is used.

Q. A dictionary does more than give the meaning of a word.

R. Some even tell you where the word came from, such as Latin, Arabic or Sanskrit.

S. It shows how the word is spelt and how it is said.

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AnswerC · QSPR

  1. Q opens with the main idea. S gives the first things "it" shows.

  2. P adds an example sentence with "also", and R goes further with "some even".

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

SQPR opens with "it", which has nothing to point to until the dictionary is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. This is one reason it has always been played in villages across the country.

Q. It needs no equipment at all: only a flat piece of ground and two teams.

R. In recent years, a professional league has made it popular on television too.

S. Kabaddi is one of the oldest games in India.

Options for question 62

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AnswerB · SQPR

  1. S opens: it names kabaddi. Q says what "it" needs: almost nothing.

  2. P says "this is one reason" it is played in villages, so it follows Q. R turns to "recent years".

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPRQ says "this is one reason" after the television league, which is not a reason for village games.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. She reached the hall with two minutes to spare.

Q. Finally, an auto-rickshaw driver saw her worried face and offered to take her.

R. She waited at the stop for twenty minutes, checking her watch.

S. Hema's bus was late, and her exam started at nine.

Options for question 63

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AnswerA · SRQP

  1. S opens: it names Hema and her problem. R says what "she" did first: waited.

  2. Q is "finally", the help that came, and P is the result.

  3. So the order is SRQP.

Worth noting

RSQP opens with "she", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It was made from the bark of trees, old rags and fishing nets, beaten into a pulp.

Q. Paper was invented in China about two thousand years ago.

R. By the twelfth century, paper was being made in Spain.

S. The secret was kept for centuries, but it slowly spread along the trade routes to the west.

Options for question 64

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AnswerD · QPSR

  1. Q opens: it says where and when paper was invented. P says how "it" was made.

  2. S says how the secret spread, and R gives how far it had reached "by the twelfth century".

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QSPR spreads the secret before the paragraph has said how paper was made, so "it was made" then seems to mean the secret.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Its first passenger train ran between Bombay and Thane in 1853.

Q. The Indian Railways is one of the largest railway networks in the world.

R. Since then, the network has grown to reach almost every part of the country.

S. It runs thousands of trains every day and carries millions of passengers.

Options for question 65

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AnswerB · QSPR

  1. Q opens: it names the Indian Railways. S gives its size today, with "it".

  2. P goes back to its first train, and R says "since then" it has grown.

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

SQPR opens with "it", which has nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Our neighbour, Mrs Das, used to be afraid of computers.

Q. Now she reads the news online and makes video calls to her daughter in Delhi.

R. Last year, her grandson taught her how to use a tablet.

S. She has even started a cooking channel, which has over a thousand followers.

Options for question 66

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AnswerA · PRQS

  1. P opens: it names Mrs Das and her fear. R is "last year", when she learned.

  2. Q is "now", what she does with it, and S goes further with "even".

  3. So the order is PRQS.

Worth noting

PQSR has her start a channel before she has learned to use the tablet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A stick stood upright in the ground cast a shadow that moved through the day.

Q. Long before clocks, people told the time by the Sun.

R. By marking where the shadow fell at each hour, they made the first sundials.

S. Sundials worked well, but they were useless on cloudy days and at night.

Options for question 67

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AnswerA · QPRS

  1. Q opens: people told the time by the Sun. P says how: a stick's moving shadow.

  2. R says what marking "the shadow" produced, and S gives the sundials' weakness.

  3. So the order is QPRS.

Worth noting

PQSR opens with "a stick stood upright", before we know what it was for.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The owner, an old man who lived alone upstairs, had not been seen.

Q. The shop had been closed for a week, and the neighbours began to worry.

R. They found him sitting in his chair, with a broken leg but alive and very hungry.

S. At last, one of them called the police, who broke open the door.

Options for question 68

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AnswerB · QPSR

  1. Q opens: it names the shop and the worry. P says why they worried: the owner had not been seen.

  2. S is "at last", when someone called the police, and R says what "they", the police, found.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QSPR calls the police before we learn that the owner is missing.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A good night's sleep begins long before bedtime.

Q. Avoid tea and coffee after the early evening, as they keep the brain awake.

R. Then read a book or listen to quiet music until you feel sleepy.

S. Later, turn off screens an hour before bed, because their light tells the body it is still day.

Options for question 69

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AnswerD · PQSR

  1. P opens with the main idea. Q is the first tip, for the early evening.

  2. S is "later", an hour before bed, and R says "then", the last step before sleep.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPSR opens with a tip before the paragraph has said what the tips are for.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They spent about two and a half hours outside their spacecraft.

Q. In 1969, two astronauts became the first people to walk on the Moon.

R. Their footprints are still there, because there is no wind on the Moon to blow them away.

S. During that time, they collected rocks and set up tools to study the Moon.

Options for question 70

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AnswerC · QPSR

  1. Q opens with the event and the year. P says how long "they" spent outside.

  2. S says what they did "during that time", and R says why "their footprints" are still there.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QSRP puts the footprints before the work the astronauts did, so "during that time" points at the footprints.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It has done the same every day since, and the whole street now calls it Asha's dog.

Q. But the next morning, it was waiting at the gate to walk her to school.

R. She gave it some water and a chapati, thinking it would go away.

S. A stray dog followed Asha home from school one afternoon.

Options for question 71

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AnswerA · SRQP

  1. S opens: it names the dog and Asha. R says what "she" did for "it".

  2. Q turns with "but": the dog did not go away. P says "every day since".

  3. So the order is SRQP.

Worth noting

RSPQ opens with "she" and "it", which have nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The canopy blocks most of the sunlight, so the forest floor below is dark.

Q. Their tops form a thick roof of leaves, called the canopy.

R. Only plants that need very little light can grow down there.

S. Some trees in the rainforest grow taller than a twenty-storey building.

Options for question 72

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AnswerD · SQPR

  1. S opens: it describes the tallest trees. Q names what "their tops" form: the canopy.

  2. P says what "the canopy" does to the light, and R says what can grow "down there", on the dark floor.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPQR says "the canopy" blocks the light before the canopy has been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. By the end of the term, it had the best results in the school.

Q. The new teacher did something no teacher had done before: she learned every student's name on the first day.

R. The class, which had been noisy for years, began to listen.

S. By the second day, she knew who liked cricket and who wanted to be a doctor.

Options for question 73

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AnswerC · QSRP

  1. Q opens: it names the new teacher and what she did. S is "by the second day".

  2. R is how the class changed, and P is "by the end of the term".

  3. So the order is QSRP.

Worth noting

SQRP opens with "by the second day, she", before we know who "she" is.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Others reply that a little homework helps children remember what they learned in class.

Q. They argue that children need time to play, rest and be with their families.

R. Perhaps the answer lies between the two: less homework, but of a better kind.

S. Some people say that homework is a waste of a child's evening.

Options for question 74

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AnswerD · SQPR

  1. S opens with one view. Q gives its reasons, with "they" for "some people".

  2. P begins with "others", the opposite view, so it follows the first view and its reasons. R weighs "the two" views, so it comes last.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPQR puts "others reply" before the first side has given its reasons, so "they argue" then seems to point at the others.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A vaccine trains the body to fight a disease before it strikes.

Q. If the real germ ever enters, these defences destroy it quickly.

R. It does this by showing the body a harmless form or part of the germ.

S. The body learns to recognise the germ and makes defences against it.

Options for question 75

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AnswerD · PRSQ

  1. P opens: it says what a vaccine does. R says how "it does this".

  2. S says what the body learns from the harmless germ, and Q says what "these defences" do later.

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ opens with "it does this", which points back to something that has not been said.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. By evening, the whole street had heard the news.

Q. The letter arrived on a Tuesday, three weeks after Kiran had given up hope.

R. He read it aloud slowly: the college in Pune had offered her a place.

S. Her hands shook so much that her brother had to open it for her.

Options for question 76

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AnswerB · QSRP

  1. Q opens: it names Kiran and the letter she had waited for. S says why "her brother" had to open "it".

  2. R begins with "he", the brother from S, and gives the news. P says the whole street had heard "the news" by evening.

  3. So the order is QSRP.

Worth noting

QRPS has "he" read the letter aloud before her brother has appeared in the story.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Yet doctors say that even thirty minutes a day can lower the risk of heart disease.

Q. So a daily walk may be worth more than an expensive gym plan that is never used.

R. It needs no equipment, no fees and no special skill.

S. Walking is one of the simplest ways to stay healthy.

Options for question 77

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SRPQ

  1. S opens: it names walking and makes a claim. R explains the "simplest" part, with "it" for walking.

  2. P begins with "yet": simple as it is, it works. Q draws the conclusion with "so".

  3. So the order is SRPQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ opens with "it", which has nothing to point to until walking is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A scribe could spend many months on a single long book.

Q. At that speed, books stayed rare and costly, and were found mostly in churches and palaces.

R. The press changed this, printing hundreds of copies in the time it once took to write one.

S. Before the printing press, every book in Europe had to be copied by hand.

Options for question 78

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AnswerC · SPQR

  1. S opens: it sets the time, before the printing press. P says how slow copying by hand was.

  2. Q says "at that speed", so it follows P. R says the press "changed this": the rarity and the cost.

  3. So the order is SPQR.

Worth noting

SQPR says "at that speed" before the paragraph has said how slow copying was.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It was then that the villagers finally began to dig the pond the elders had talked about for years.

Q. Nobody in the village had ever seen the old well run dry.

R. But in the third summer without rain, the water sank lower every week.

S. By May, the bucket came up with nothing but mud.

Options for question 79

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. Q opens with what had never happened. R begins with "but": now it is happening.

  2. S is "by May", when the well is finally dry, and P says "it was then" that the villagers acted.

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQPS opens with "but", which needs something before it to turn against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Then the best ideas are chosen and put in an order that builds to a strong ending.

Q. Finally, the speech is read aloud many times, and every sentence that sounds wrong is changed.

R. A good speech is not written in one sitting.

S. The speaker first writes down every idea, without worrying about order.

Options for question 80

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AnswerC · RSPQ

  1. R opens with the main claim. S gives the first step with "first".

  2. P says "then", and Q says "finally", so they follow in that order.

  3. So the order is RSPQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ puts "then" before "first", which turns the steps backwards.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The Arctic fox goes further: its fur is brown in summer and turns white in winter.

Q. It helps them hide against the snow from the animals that hunt them.

R. So it stays hidden all year, whatever the colour of the ground.

S. Many animals that live in cold places have white fur.

Options for question 81

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AnswerA · SQPR

  1. S opens: it names the pattern, white fur. Q says what "it", the white fur, does.

  2. P gives an animal that "goes further", and R draws the result for "it", the fox.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

QSPR opens with "it helps them hide", which has nothing to point to until the white fur is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. In the sixteenth century, Copernicus argued that the Earth and the other planets move around the Sun.

Q. For centuries, people believed that the Earth stood still at the centre of everything.

R. His idea was rejected at first, but it later became the basis of modern astronomy.

S. The Sun, the Moon and the stars all seemed to move around it.

Options for question 82

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AnswerD · QSPR

  1. Q opens with the old belief. S explains why people believed it: everything seemed to move around "it".

  2. P brings Copernicus and his new idea. R says what happened to "his idea".

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

QPRS says "his idea" before Copernicus has been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The next monsoon was weak, yet the wells stayed full for the first time in years.

Q. Some sold their cattle; others left for the city to find work.

R. Those who stayed began to build small check dams on the streams to hold whatever rain did fall.

S. When the rains failed for the third year, the farmers of the village grew desperate.

Options for question 83

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · SQRP

  1. S opens with the problem. Q says what "some" and "others" did.

  2. R turns to "those who stayed", and P gives the result in "the next monsoon".

  3. So the order is SQRP.

Worth noting

QSPR opens with "some sold their cattle", before we know who "some" are.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. There is no sunlight there, and the water is close to freezing and under huge pressure.

Q. Scientists once thought that the deep ocean floor was lifeless.

R. These creatures live on food made by bacteria from the chemicals in the hot water.

S. Then, in 1977, explorers found hot springs on the sea floor surrounded by tube worms, crabs and clams.

Options for question 84

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AnswerB · QPSR

  1. Q opens with an old belief. P gives the reasons for it: no sunlight, cold, pressure.

  2. S begins with "then", the discovery that proved it wrong. R explains how "these creatures" live.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

PQSR opens with "there", which points at a place that has not been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. And above the roots, their leaves clean the air and their shade keeps the ground cool.

Q. It is easy to think of forests only as a source of wood.

R. But they do much more than that.

S. Their roots hold the soil together and stop it being washed away by rain.

Options for question 85

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. Q opens with a narrow view of forests. R turns with "but": they do more.

  2. S begins with the roots, and P moves "above the roots" to the leaves, so it follows S.

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQSP opens with "but", which needs something before it to turn against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. So the biggest desert on Earth is also the coldest place on Earth.

Q. Most people think of deserts as hot, but a desert is simply a place that gets very little rain.

R. By that measure, the largest desert in the world is not the Sahara.

S. It is Antarctica, which gets less rain and snow in a year than most deserts.

Options for question 86

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. Q opens by saying what a desert is. R uses "that measure", the meaning given in Q.

  2. S names the real largest desert with "it is", and P draws the surprising result with "so".

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQPS opens with "by that measure", which points back to a measure that has not been given.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The best of them had practised for many more hours than the rest, often from a young age.

Q. Talent may give a head start, but it is practice that decides who finishes first.

R. Some people believe that talent is something you are born with.

S. Studies of musicians and athletes suggest otherwise.

Options for question 87

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AnswerC · RSPQ

  1. R opens with a belief. S answers it: studies "suggest otherwise".

  2. P gives what the studies found about "the best of them", and Q draws the conclusion.

  3. So the order is RSPQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ says "the best of them" before the musicians and athletes have been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It is often said that money cannot buy happiness.

Q. Research suggests that this is only partly true.

R. But once basic needs are met, extra money adds much less.

S. For people who are very poor, more money brings real relief and more happiness.

Options for question 88

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AnswerB · PQSR

  1. P opens with a saying. Q says "this", the saying, is only partly true.

  2. S gives the part where money helps, and R turns with "but" to where it does not.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPSR opens with "this is only partly true", before anything has been said.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Neither could get at the nest alone, so each helps the other.

Q. When the people break open the nest and take the honey, the bird eats the wax that is left.

R. It leads people to bees' nests by flying ahead and calling.

S. The honeyguide is a small African bird with a strange habit.

Options for question 89

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AnswerA · SRQP

  1. S opens: it names the bird and its "strange habit". R describes the habit with "it".

  2. Q says what happens at the nest, and P explains why the habit works: "each helps the other".

  3. So the order is SRQP.

Worth noting

RSPQ opens with "it leads people", before the bird has been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. For years, the river through the town had been dirty with waste from factories.

Q. Within five years, the fish returned, and families began to picnic by the river again.

R. Fish had disappeared, and nobody went near the banks.

S. Then a court ordered the factories to clean their water before letting it out.

Options for question 90

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AnswerD · PRSQ

  1. P opens with the problem. R shows how bad it was.

  2. S begins with "then", the change, and Q gives the result "within five years".

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

PSQR ends with the fish disappearing, after they have already come back.

Five sentences to order

100 questions

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Anil's mother gave him fifty rupees to buy vegetables.

Q. At the market, he bought potatoes, onions and tomatoes.

R. He reached home late, but his mother was proud when he told her why.

S. On the way home, he saw an old man who had dropped his bag of oranges.

T. Anil helped him pick them up and carried the bag to his house.

Options for question 91

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AnswerC · PQSTR

  1. P opens: it names Anil and his errand. Q is what he did "at the market".

  2. S is "on the way home", and T is Anil helping "him", the old man. R is the end: reaching home late.

  3. So the order is PQSTR.

Worth noting

PSQTR puts the way home before the market, so he meets the old man before buying anything.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. In these gardens, workers pick only the top two leaves and a bud from each branch.

Q. Much of it is grown in large gardens in Assam, West Bengal and the south.

R. The leaves are then taken to a factory near the garden.

S. Tea is the most popular drink in India after water.

T. There they are dried, rolled and packed to be sent across the country.

Options for question 92

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AnswerB · SQPRT

  1. S opens: it names tea. Q says where "much of it" is grown: in large gardens.

  2. P says what workers do "in these gardens". R takes "the leaves" to a factory, and T says what happens "there".

  3. So the order is SQPRT.

Worth noting

QSPRT opens with "much of it", which has nothing to point to until tea is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Our class grows marigolds and sunflowers.

Q. Every class looks after one bed of plants.

R. In winter, the marigolds were so bright that the principal put a photo of them on the notice board.

S. We water them every morning before the first bell.

T. Our school has a small garden behind the library.

Options for question 93

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AnswerA · TQPSR

  1. T opens: it names the garden. Q says every class has "one bed".

  2. P says what "our class" grows, and S says how "we" care for "them". R is the result "in winter".

  3. So the order is TQPSR.

Worth noting

TQSPR waters "them" before the paragraph has said which plants are ours.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The eggs hatch into tadpoles, which have tails and breathe through gills.

Q. At last, the young frogs climb out of the water onto land.

R. Slowly, the tadpoles grow back legs and then front legs.

S. After the legs come, their tails shrink, and they begin to breathe through lungs.

T. Frogs begin life in water as tiny eggs.

Options for question 94

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AnswerB · TPRSQ

  1. T opens: frogs begin as eggs. P says what "the eggs" hatch into.

  2. R gives the tadpoles legs, and S says "after the legs come", so it follows R. Q is "at last".

  3. So the order is TPRSQ.

Worth noting

PTRSQ opens with "the eggs hatch", before any eggs have been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Inside, in the kitchens, mothers and grandmothers were frying sweets.

Q. As soon as it grew dark, everyone lit rows of little lamps.

R. Then the sky filled with the light and noise of crackers.

S. It was Diwali, and the whole street was busy.

T. Children were helping to draw rangoli outside every door.

Options for question 95

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AnswerD · STPQR

  1. S opens: it names the day and the busy street. T describes the scene "outside every door".

  2. P moves "inside", so it follows T. Q is "as soon as it grew dark", and R is "then".

  3. So the order is STPQR.

Worth noting

SPTQR moves "inside" before the paragraph has shown the outside.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They borrowed a sound meter from the science teacher.

Q. Every day for a week, they measured the noise in the classrooms, the corridors and the canteen.

R. The results surprised them: the library was quieter than they expected, but the canteen was louder than a busy road.

S. They wrote a report asking for curtains and soft boards in the canteen.

T. A group of students wanted to find out which part of their school was the noisiest.

Options for question 96

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AnswerC · TPQRS

  1. T opens: it names the students and their question. P is the first step: borrowing "a sound meter".

  2. Q says how they used it, R gives "the results", and S is what they did with the results.

  3. So the order is TPQRS.

Worth noting

PTQRS opens with "they", who have not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. "Don't let go!" he shouted, wobbling from side to side.

Q. Mahesh was learning to ride a bicycle.

R. His sister held the back of the seat as he pedalled.

S. She was standing far behind him, smiling: she had let go long ago.

T. When he reached the end of the lane, he turned to thank her.

Options for question 97

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AnswerD · QRPTS

  1. Q opens: it names Mahesh. R says how "his sister" helped.

  2. P is what he shouted while she held on, and T is the end of the lane. S shows where "she" really was.

  3. So the order is QRPTS.

Worth noting

QRTPS has him reach the end of the lane before he shouts "Don't let go!", which belongs to the wobbly start.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. This powder gives dal and curry their golden colour.

Q. It is also used in many homes on small cuts, as it may help them heal.

R. The root is boiled, dried and ground into a bright yellow powder.

S. Turmeric is a plant whose root is used as a spice.

T. Because of these uses, turmeric has been grown in India for thousands of years.

Options for question 98

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AnswerA · SRPQT

  1. S opens: it names turmeric. R says what is done to "the root".

  2. P says what "this powder" does in food, Q adds a second use with "also", and T sums up "these uses".

  3. So the order is SRPQT.

Worth noting

RSPQT opens with "the root is boiled", before we know which plant's root.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. By noon, the sky is so full of kites that it is hard to see the sun.

Q. Days before, the shops fill with kites of every colour.

R. Every year, our town holds a kite festival in January.

S. In the evening, people light lamps and send them floating into the dark sky.

T. On the morning of the festival, every roof in town is crowded with people.

Options for question 99

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · RQTPS

  1. R opens: it names the festival. Q is "days before".

  2. T is "the morning of the festival", P is "by noon", and S is "in the evening".

  3. So the order is RQTPS.

Worth noting

RTQPS puts the festival morning before the days leading up to it.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Later, office workers stop by on their way to catch the local train.

Q. Ramesh runs a small tea stall near the railway station.

R. He opens it at five in the morning, before the first train arrives.

S. By the time he closes at night, he has made more than three hundred cups.

T. His first customers are the porters, who drink their tea standing.

Options for question 100

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AnswerB · QRTPS

  1. Q opens: it names Ramesh and his stall. R says when "he" opens "it".

  2. T gives "his first customers", P is "later", and S is "by the time he closes".

  3. So the order is QRTPS.

Worth noting

RQTPS opens with "he opens it", before we know who he is or what "it" is.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When it gets them, its hard coat softens and splits.

Q. A seed needs three things to begin growing: water, air and warmth.

R. After the root, a shoot appears and grows up towards the light.

S. A tiny root pushes out first and grows down into the soil.

T. Soon the first leaves open, and the young plant can make its own food.

Options for question 101

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AnswerB · QPSRT

  1. Q opens: it says what a seed needs. P says what happens "when it gets them".

  2. S is the root, which comes "first", R is "after the root", and T is "soon", the leaves.

  3. So the order is QPSRT.

Worth noting

QPRST brings the shoot "after the root" before the root has appeared.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The name she pulled out was mine.

Q. Everyone wanted to be the farmer, so our teacher drew names from a box.

R. For three weeks, I practised my lines every evening with my mother.

S. Last month, our class put on a play about the life of a farmer.

T. On the night, I forgot only one line, and my friend whispered it to me.

Options for question 102

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AnswerA · SQPRT

  1. S opens: it names the play. Q says how the part was chosen: names from a box.

  2. P says whose name came out, R is the three weeks of practice, and T is "on the night".

  3. So the order is SQPRT.

Worth noting

SPQRT says "the name she pulled out" before anyone has drawn names.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Its long neck lets it eat leaves from the tops of trees that other animals cannot reach.

Q. But the long neck makes drinking hard.

R. In this position, it is in danger from lions, so it drinks quickly and looks around often.

S. The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world.

T. To reach the water, a giraffe has to spread its front legs wide and bend down slowly.

Options for question 103

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AnswerC · SPQTR

  1. S opens: it names the giraffe. P says what "its long neck" helps with.

  2. Q turns with "but" to the problem, T says how a giraffe drinks, and R says what "this position" costs.

  3. So the order is SPQTR.

Worth noting

PSQTR opens with "its long neck", which has nothing to belong to until the giraffe is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Nisha found an old photo album in her grandmother's cupboard.

Q. On the first page was a young woman standing beside a bicycle.

R. Her grandmother laughed and said that the young woman was herself, at seventeen.

S. That bicycle, she said, had taken her to college every day for three years.

T. Nisha did not know who it was, so she took the album to her grandmother.

Options for question 104

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AnswerD · PQTRS

  1. P opens: Nisha finds the album. Q describes the first photo.

  2. T says she did not know who "it" was, R is her grandmother's answer, and S is what "that bicycle" meant to her.

  3. So the order is PQTRS.

Worth noting

PQRTS has the grandmother answer before Nisha has asked her anything.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. At night, the lamp turns and sends out flashes of light.

Q. Each lighthouse has its own pattern of flashes, so sailors can tell which one they are looking at.

R. It is built on a coast or a rock, where ships could be wrecked.

S. This tells them where they are and warns them to keep away from the rocks.

T. A lighthouse is a tall tower with a bright lamp at the top.

Options for question 105

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AnswerA · TRPQS

  1. T opens: it says what a lighthouse is. R says where "it" is built.

  2. P says what "the lamp" does at night, Q explains each "pattern of flashes", and S says what "this" tells sailors.

  3. So the order is TRPQS.

Worth noting

TPRQS turns to the lamp before saying where the lighthouse stands, so "it is built" then seems to mean the lamp.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They bowled the fathers out for forty runs.

Q. But the children had been practising every evening for a month.

R. The children of the colony decided to play a cricket match against their fathers.

S. The fathers laughed and said it would be an easy win.

T. Then they reached the target in just six overs, and the fathers had to buy everyone ice cream.

Options for question 106

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AnswerD · RSQPT

  1. R opens: it names the match. S is "the fathers" laughing.

  2. Q turns with "but", P is the children bowling, and T is "then", the chase.

  3. So the order is RSQPT.

Worth noting

SRQPT opens with "the fathers laughed", before we know about any match.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. To make a simple bird feeder, you need an empty plastic bottle, a stick and some string.

Q. Push the stick through both holes so that it sticks out as a perch.

R. First, cut two small holes near the bottom of the bottle, one on each side.

S. Finally, hang it from a branch with the string, and wait for the birds.

T. Then fill the bottle with grain and close the cap.

Options for question 107

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AnswerC · PRQTS

  1. P opens: it names the task and what you need. R is "first": cutting "two small holes".

  2. Q pushes the stick "through both holes", T is "then", and S is "finally".

  3. So the order is PRQTS.

Worth noting

PQRTS pushes the stick "through both holes" before any holes have been cut.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When it rained on the second night, the shopkeeper carried them inside.

Q. At first, she hid them in a dark corner behind the shop.

R. Moti visits them there every hour, and he leaves the back door open for her.

S. Since then, they have slept in a box under his counter.

T. Our street dog, Moti, had five puppies last week.

Options for question 108

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AnswerB · TQPSR

  1. T opens: it names Moti and the puppies. Q is "at first", where she hid "them".

  2. P is the rainy night when "the shopkeeper" moved them, S is "since then", and R says Moti visits them "there".

  3. So the order is TQPSR.

Worth noting

TPQSR has the shopkeeper carry them inside before we know where they were hidden.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Most students groaned, expecting a boring day of looking at glass cases.

Q. On the bus home, nobody wanted the day to end.

R. The school announced that the annual trip would be to a science museum.

S. They made a small bulb light up with a lemon, and felt their hair stand up near a big metal ball.

T. But the museum turned out to be full of things to touch and try.

Options for question 109

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AnswerB · RPTSQ

  1. R opens with the announcement. P is how "most students" reacted.

  2. T turns with "but", S gives what "they" tried, and Q is "on the bus home".

  3. So the order is RPTSQ.

Worth noting

RPSTQ has "they" lighting bulbs before the museum has turned out to be fun.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They built nests in holes in walls and ate grain spilled in the courtyard.

Q. Sparrows were once seen in every house and market in India.

R. New buildings have no holes for nests, and fewer people dry grain outside.

S. But in the last thirty years, their numbers have fallen in many cities.

T. Some people now put up small wooden boxes to give sparrows a place to nest again.

Options for question 110

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AnswerA · QPSRT

  1. Q opens: sparrows were everywhere. P says how "they" lived.

  2. S turns with "but", R gives the reasons, and T is what some people now do.

  3. So the order is QPSRT.

Worth noting

PQSRT opens with "they", which has nothing to point to until sparrows are named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A girl at the next table asked if she could try one, and offered her a paratha in return.

Q. On her first day, she did not know a single person in her class.

R. Riya's family moved from Chennai to Delhi in the middle of the school year.

S. By the end of the week, the two of them were sharing lunch every day.

T. At lunch, she sat alone and opened her box of idli.

Options for question 111

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · RQTPS

  1. R opens: the move. Q is her first day.

  2. T is lunch, P is the girl who asked for an idli, and S is "by the end of the week".

  3. So the order is RQTPS.

Worth noting

RTQPS puts lunch before her first day has begun.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A compass is a simple tool that shows which way is north.

Q. Inside it is a thin needle that is a small magnet.

R. The needle turns freely until it lines up with the Earth's own magnetic pull.

S. With a compass, a traveller can find the way even on a cloudy night.

T. Its red end then points north, and the other end points south.

Options for question 112

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AnswerD · PQRTS

  1. P opens: it says what a compass does. Q says what is "inside it".

  2. R says how "the needle" turns, T is "then", and S is what a traveller can do "with a compass".

  3. So the order is PQRTS.

Worth noting

QPRTS opens with "inside it", which has nothing to point to until the compass is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He says each of them knows his whistle from any other sound in the city.

Q. Our neighbour, Mr Khan, has kept pigeons on his roof for thirty years.

R. Every morning at six, he opens their cage and lets them fly.

S. They circle over the colony in a large flock, turning together as if on one string.

T. After half an hour, he whistles, and they come back one by one.

Options for question 113

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · QRSTP

  1. Q opens: it names Mr Khan and his pigeons. R is what "he" does every morning.

  2. S is the pigeons flying, T is "after half an hour", and P is what he says about "his whistle".

  3. So the order is QRSTP.

Worth noting

QRTSP brings the pigeons back before they have been seen flying.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When a drop becomes too heavy for the air to hold up, it falls.

Q. A cloud is made of billions of tiny drops of water, too small and light to fall.

R. That is rain, and it can take a million tiny drops to make one raindrop.

S. Rain does not fall from every cloud.

T. Inside the cloud, these drops bump into each other and join together.

Options for question 114

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SQTPR

  1. S opens with the puzzle. Q explains what a cloud is made of.

  2. T says what "these drops" do, P is when a drop becomes too heavy, and R names "that": rain.

  3. So the order is SQTPR.

Worth noting

STQPR says "these drops" before any drops have been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Ajay dropped his phone into the village pond.

Q. He could see it shining on the muddy bottom, but the water was too deep to reach.

R. His grandfather tied a small net to a long bamboo pole and reached down with it.

S. It never worked again, but Ajay learned to keep his next phone away from the pond.

T. After a few tries, the net scooped the phone out of the mud.

Options for question 115

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AnswerC · PQRTS

  1. P opens: Ajay drops his phone. Q says where "it" was.

  2. R is his grandfather's idea, T is "after a few tries", and S is the end.

  3. So the order is PQRTS.

Worth noting

PRQTS has his grandfather reach into the water before we know the phone was out of reach.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Its earliest parts were made of pressed earth.

Q. In all, the walls stretch for thousands of kilometres across mountains and deserts.

R. The Great Wall of China is not one wall but many walls, built over about two thousand years.

S. Later rulers rebuilt it with stone and brick, which is why some parts look new.

T. It is often said that the Wall can be seen from space, but astronauts say it cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Options for question 116

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AnswerB · RPSQT

  1. R opens: it names the Great Wall. P says what "its earliest parts" were made of.

  2. S is "later rulers", Q is its length "in all", and T corrects a common belief.

  3. So the order is RPSQT.

Worth noting

PRSQT opens with "its earliest parts", which have nothing to belong to until the Wall is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Sonal had a stomach ache on the morning of her maths exam.

Q. The teacher took her to the school nurse, who called a doctor.

R. The doctor found that she had eaten something bad, and the school let her write the exam the next week.

S. Her mother thought she was only nervous and gave her a glass of warm water.

T. But by the time she reached school, the pain was worse.

Options for question 117

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AnswerC · PSTQR

  1. P opens: it names Sonal and her stomach ache. S is her mother's first answer.

  2. T turns with "but", Q is the teacher and the nurse, and R is what the doctor found.

  3. So the order is PSTQR.

Worth noting

PSQTR has the teacher take her to the nurse before she has even reached school.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Gauri knows the way so well that she often walks home before he calls her.

Q. In the evening, he brings her back and gives her fresh grass.

R. Ravi's family keeps a cow named Gauri.

S. Every morning, his father milks her before sunrise.

T. Ravi's job is to take her to the field after breakfast.

Options for question 118

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AnswerB · RSTQP

  1. R opens: it names the family and Gauri. S is "every morning", the first job.

  2. T is "after breakfast", Q is "in the evening", and P says Gauri knows "the way".

  3. So the order is RSTQP.

Worth noting

SRTQP opens with "his father milks her", before we know whose father or who "her" is.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The Earth spins on its axis once every day.

Q. This is why, when it is noon in India, it is night in the United States.

R. As it spins, one half faces the Sun while the other half faces away.

S. The other half, turned away from the Sun, has night.

T. The half that faces the Sun has day.

Options for question 119

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AnswerD · PRTSQ

  1. P opens: the Earth spins. R says what happens "as it spins".

  2. T is the half facing the Sun, S is "the other half", and Q gives an example with "this is why".

  3. So the order is PRTSQ.

Worth noting

PRSTQ gives "the other half" before the first half has been described.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. My little brother lost his first tooth yesterday.

Q. It had been loose for a week, and he kept wiggling it with his tongue.

R. He has wrapped the tooth in paper and says he will keep it forever.

S. At dinner, it came out in a piece of chapati.

T. He was so excited that he forgot to finish his food.

Options for question 120

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · PQSTR

  1. P opens: it names the event. Q says "it had been loose for a week".

  2. S is "at dinner", when it came out, T is how excited he was, and R is what he did with the tooth.

  3. So the order is PQSTR.

Worth noting

PQTSR has him too excited to eat before the tooth has come out.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Butterflies taste with their feet.

Q. She must choose a plant that her caterpillars will be able to eat.

R. When a butterfly lands on a leaf, tiny hairs on its feet tell it what the plant is.

S. This matters most to a mother butterfly looking for a place to lay her eggs.

T. So she lands on leaf after leaf, tasting each one, until she finds the right kind.

Options for question 121

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AnswerD · PRSQT

  1. P opens with the surprising fact. R explains how it works "when a butterfly lands".

  2. S says who "this" matters most to, Q says what "she" must choose, and T is what she does with "so".

  3. So the order is PRSQT.

Worth noting

PSRQT says "this matters most" before the paragraph has explained how the tasting works.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He reached before the afternoon bus had even left the town.

Q. If you miss the morning bus, you must wait until four in the afternoon.

R. The bus to the village comes only twice a day.

S. Last Monday, Sunil missed it by a minute.

T. Instead of waiting, he walked the twelve kilometres home.

Options for question 122

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AnswerB · RQSTP

  1. R opens with the bus times. Q says what happens "if you miss the morning bus".

  2. S is Sunil missing "it", T is what he did "instead of waiting", and P is the result.

  3. So the order is RQSTP.

Worth noting

RQTSP has him walk home "instead of waiting" before he has missed the bus.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When the boll opens, the cotton is picked by hand or by machine.

Q. The seeds are removed, and the fibres are cleaned and combed.

R. Cotton grows on a bush in a soft white ball called a boll.

S. The clean fibres are then twisted into thread on a spinning machine.

T. Finally, the thread is woven into cloth for shirts, sheets and saris.

Options for question 123

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AnswerA · RPQST

  1. R opens: it says where cotton grows. P is "when the boll opens".

  2. Q cleans the fibres, S is "then", spinning, and T is "finally", weaving.

  3. So the order is RPQST.

Worth noting

PRQST opens with "when the boll opens", before we know what a boll is.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Pooja wanted a pet, but her flat was too small for a dog.

Q. Pooja named them Chotu and Motu and fed them every morning.

R. Her father suggested a fish instead.

S. Soon she knew each fish by the way it swam.

T. They bought a small tank and two goldfish from the market.

Options for question 124

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AnswerC · PRTQS

  1. P opens: Pooja's wish and the problem. R is her father's suggestion.

  2. T is buying the tank and the fish, Q is naming "them", and S is "soon".

  3. So the order is PRTQS.

Worth noting

PTRQS has them buying fish before her father has suggested fish.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It is then spread thin, pressed and dried into new sheets.

Q. Recycling paper saves trees and water.

R. Old paper is collected and soaked in water until it turns into pulp.

S. One tonne of recycled paper can save about seventeen trees.

T. The pulp is cleaned to remove ink, glue and staples.

Options for question 125

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AnswerD · QRTPS

  1. Q opens with the claim. R is the first step: soaking the paper into pulp.

  2. T cleans "the pulp", P is "then", and S gives how much it saves.

  3. So the order is QRTPS.

Worth noting

RQTPS opens with "old paper is collected", before the paragraph has said why, and so cuts the pulp off from the step that made it.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A boy found a baby bird that had fallen from its nest.

Q. He wanted to take it home and look after it.

R. He climbed the tree carefully and placed the bird in the nest.

S. The next morning, he saw the mother bird feeding it a worm.

T. But his grandmother told him to put it back, because its mother would feed it better.

Options for question 126

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AnswerB · PQTRS

  1. P opens: the boy finds the bird. Q is what "he" wanted.

  2. T turns with "but" to his grandmother's advice, R is him putting it back, and S is "the next morning".

  3. So the order is PQTRS.

Worth noting

PQRTS has him climb the tree before his grandmother has told him to.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He began to collect the rainwater that fell on his roof and fields.

Q. Within three years, the water in his well stayed up all summer.

R. He dug channels to lead it into a pit beside the well.

S. Seeing this, the whole village copied his idea, and today no well there runs dry.

T. A farmer in Maharashtra noticed that his well was drying up earlier each year.

Options for question 127

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AnswerC · TPRQS

  1. T opens: it names the farmer and his problem. P is what "he" began to do.

  2. R says how he led "it", the rainwater, to the well. Q is "within three years", and S says what the village did on "seeing this".

  3. So the order is TPRQS.

Worth noting

PTRQS opens with "he", who has not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They can open jars to reach the food inside.

Q. In one story from an aquarium, an octopus learned to escape from its tank at night.

R. It crawled across the floor, ate the fish in the next tank and returned before morning.

S. Octopuses are among the cleverest animals in the sea.

T. The keepers only found out when they checked the cameras.

Options for question 128

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AnswerA · SPQRT

  1. S opens: it names octopuses. P gives a first sign of cleverness, with "they".

  2. Q tells a story about one octopus, R says what "it" did, and T says how the keepers found out.

  3. So the order is SPQRT.

Worth noting

SPRQT has "it" crawl across the floor before the story of the octopus in the tank has begun.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. So the ten per cent idea is a myth, however often it is repeated.

Q. Many people believe that we use only ten per cent of our brain.

R. Even during sleep, large areas of the brain are busy.

S. But scans of the brain show that almost every part of it is active over a day.

T. This idea has appeared in films, books and advertisements for years.

Options for question 129

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · QTSRP

  1. Q opens with the belief. T says where "this idea" has appeared.

  2. S turns with "but" to what scans show, R adds "even during sleep", and P draws the conclusion with "so".

  3. So the order is QTSRP.

Worth noting

TQSRP opens with "this idea", which has nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. One morning, a young man stopped and asked her why she never raised her prices.

Q. The young man bought all her flowers that day and gave them away to everyone who passed.

R. The old woman had sold flowers outside the temple for forty years.

S. If she charged more, they could not offer flowers to God.

T. She said that the people who bought her flowers were mostly poor, like her.

Options for question 130

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AnswerB · RPTSQ

  1. R opens: it names the old woman. P is the young man's question to "her".

  2. T is her answer, S finishes it with "if she charged more", and Q is what the young man did.

  3. So the order is RPTSQ.

Worth noting

RTPSQ gives her answer before the young man has asked his question.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It pumps blood through the body without ever resting.

Q. The human heart is a muscle about the size of a fist.

R. With each beat, it pushes blood full of oxygen out to every part of the body.

S. In one day, it beats about a hundred thousand times.

T. The blood then returns to the heart, which sends it to the lungs for more oxygen.

Options for question 131

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AnswerD · QPSRT

  1. Q opens: it names the heart. P says what "it" does.

  2. S says how often it beats, and R says what happens "with each beat". T says what "the blood then" does.

  3. So the order is QPSRT.

Worth noting

PQSRT opens with "it", which has nothing to point to until the heart is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They waved a red shirt tied to an oar until the ship turned towards them.

Q. For three days, the fishing boat had been lost at sea.

R. On the fourth morning, one of the fishermen spotted a ship on the horizon.

S. By evening, all six men were safe on board, drinking hot tea.

T. Its engine had failed, and the radio was dead.

Options for question 132

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AnswerD · QTRPS

  1. Q opens: the boat is lost at sea. T says why: engine and radio.

  2. R is "the fourth morning" and a ship. P is how "they" signalled to it, and S is "by evening".

  3. So the order is QTRPS.

Worth noting

QTPRS has the men waving a shirt at a ship before anyone has spotted one.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. After lunch, the empty box travels back the same way.

Q. The system uses simple marks on each box instead of computers, and mistakes are very rare.

R. The dabbawalas of Mumbai deliver about two lakh lunch boxes every working day.

S. It is carried by bicycle and train to the office of the person it belongs to.

T. Each box is collected from a home in the morning.

Options for question 133

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AnswerC · RTSPQ

  1. R opens: it names the dabbawalas and their work. T is the first step: "each box is collected".

  2. S says where "it" is carried, P is "after lunch", and Q describes the whole system.

  3. So the order is RTSPQ.

Worth noting

TRSPQ opens with "each box", before we know what boxes are meant.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When her teacher chose her to speak at the school assembly, she nearly cried.

Q. On the day, her voice shook at first, but it grew steady as she went on.

R. When she finished, the whole school clapped, and her fear felt a little smaller.

S. Kiran had always been afraid of speaking in front of people.

T. For a week, she practised in front of the mirror every evening.

Options for question 134

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AnswerA · SPTQR

  1. S opens: it names Kiran and her fear. P is the task that frightened her.

  2. T is her week of practice, Q is "on the day", and R is when she finished.

  3. So the order is SPTQR.

Worth noting

STPQR puts her week of practice before she knows she has to speak.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Lightning is a giant spark of electricity in the sky.

Q. When the charge becomes too large, it jumps to another cloud or to the ground.

R. The flash heats the air so fast that the air bursts outwards.

S. It happens when tiny pieces of ice in a storm cloud rub together and build up a charge.

T. That burst is the sound we hear as thunder.

Options for question 135

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AnswerB · PSQRT

  1. P opens: it says what lightning is. S says how "it" happens.

  2. Q says what the charge does when it grows too large, R says what "the flash" does to the air, and T names "that burst".

  3. So the order is PSQRT.

Worth noting

SPQRT opens with "it happens", which has nothing to point to until lightning is named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Within a year, parcels had arrived from all over the country.

Q. She wrote to publishers and old students, asking for books.

R. Today the library has three rooms and more than five thousand books.

S. The library in our village had only one shelf of books.

T. A retired teacher decided to change that.

Options for question 136

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AnswerC · STQPR

  1. S opens: the small library. T says a teacher decided "to change that".

  2. Q is what "she" did, P is "within a year", and R is "today".

  3. So the order is STQPR.

Worth noting

STPQR has parcels arrive before anyone has written to ask for books.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. As it cools, it becomes hard and clear.

Q. Glass is made mostly from sand.

R. Because it can be melted again, old glass can be recycled into new bottles again and again.

S. The sand is mixed with soda and lime and heated in a furnace until it melts.

T. The hot liquid is then blown, pressed or poured into shape.

Options for question 137

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AnswerC · QSTPR

  1. Q opens: it says what glass is made from. S says what is done to "the sand".

  2. T shapes "the hot liquid", P is "as it cools", and R explains why glass can be recycled.

  3. So the order is QSTPR.

Worth noting

SQTPR opens with "the sand is mixed", before we know what the sand is for.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Vikram had failed his driving test twice.

Q. The first time, he forgot to look in the mirror before turning.

R. This time he passed, and the examiner shook his hand.

S. Before the third test, he practised with his father every morning for a month.

T. The second time, he parked so far from the kerb that the examiner laughed.

Options for question 138

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AnswerB · PQTSR

  1. P opens: it names Vikram and his failures. Q is "the first time".

  2. T is "the second time", S is "before the third test", and R is "this time".

  3. So the order is PQTSR.

Worth noting

PQSTR puts the practice for the third test before the second failure.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. By the time it reaches the rooms, the sun has set and the air outside is cooler.

Q. Modern architects are now studying these buildings to design homes that need no air conditioners.

R. Their walls are very thick, so the heat of the day takes hours to pass through.

S. Small windows keep out the glare, and courtyards let the hot air rise and escape.

T. Many old buildings in Rajasthan stay cool even in the hottest summer.

Options for question 139

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AnswerA · TRPSQ

  1. T opens: the old buildings stay cool. R gives the first reason: thick walls.

  2. P says what happens by the time "it", the heat, reaches the rooms. S adds more features, and Q says who is studying "these buildings".

  3. So the order is TRPSQ.

Worth noting

RTPSQ opens with "their walls", which have nothing to belong to until the buildings are named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He was waiting for the postman, though no letter had come for years.

Q. He said his best friend had moved to Canada fifty years ago and promised to write.

R. One day, Lata asked him whom he was waiting for.

S. The next week, Lata found the friend's name online and helped her grandfather send him an email.

T. Every evening, Lata's grandfather sat on the porch and watched the road.

Options for question 140

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · TPRQS

  1. T opens: it names Lata's grandfather and his habit. P says what "he" was waiting for.

  2. R is Lata's question, Q is his answer, and S is "the next week".

  3. So the order is TPRQS.

Worth noting

TPQRS gives his answer before Lata has asked the question.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. This is why a snake charmer's music does not really charm the snake: it follows the movement of the pipe.

Q. So a snake "hears" an animal coming through the ground rather than through the air.

R. When a snake rests its jaw on the ground, it can feel the shaking made by footsteps.

S. They have no outer ears, and their inner ears are joined to their jaw.

T. Snakes cannot hear sounds in the air the way we do.

Options for question 141

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AnswerB · TSRQP

  1. T opens with the surprising fact. S explains it with "they".

  2. R says what happens "when a snake rests its jaw", Q draws the result with "so", and P applies it to snake charmers.

  3. So the order is TSRQP.

Worth noting

STRQP opens with "they", which has nothing to point to until snakes are named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The driver called the school, but no other bus was free.

Q. The bus reached the school just five minutes before the exam began.

R. The school bus broke down on the highway on the morning of the exam.

S. He and the bus driver fixed the broken belt with a piece of rope.

T. A truck driver who had stopped behind them offered to help.

Options for question 142

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AnswerC · RPTSQ

  1. R opens with the problem. P is the driver's first try: calling the school.

  2. T brings in "a truck driver", S is "he and the bus driver" fixing it, and Q is the result.

  3. So the order is RPTSQ.

Worth noting

RPSTQ has "he" fix the belt before the truck driver has appeared.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. These tangled roots protect the coast from storms and give shelter to fish and crabs.

Q. It lies where the Ganga and the Brahmaputra meet the sea, in India and Bangladesh.

R. The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world.

S. Its trees grow in salty water and send up roots from the mud to breathe.

T. The forest is also home to the Bengal tiger, which swims between its islands.

Options for question 143

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AnswerA · RQSPT

  1. R opens: it names the Sundarbans. Q says where "it" lies.

  2. S describes "its trees" and their roots, P says what "these tangled roots" do, and T adds the tiger with "also".

  3. So the order is RQSPT.

Worth noting

QRSPT opens with "it lies", before the forest has been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Her family could not afford a guitar or a keyboard.

Q. Six months later, she played a solo at the annual day.

R. Then her uncle found an old flute in his attic and gave it to her.

S. It was cracked, so she taped it and practised every evening.

T. Meera wanted to join the school band, but she had no instrument.

Options for question 144

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AnswerD · TPRSQ

  1. T opens: it names Meera and her problem. P says why she had no instrument.

  2. R is "then", the flute from her uncle, S says "it was cracked", and Q is "six months later".

  3. So the order is TPRSQ.

Worth noting

TRPSQ puts the family's money trouble after the flute, so "it was cracked" then seems to mean a guitar.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The Earth's outer layer is broken into huge plates that move very slowly.

Q. This is why earthquakes are common in the Himalayas, where two plates are pushing together.

R. When the rock finally slips, the ground shakes.

S. Earthquakes happen because the ground beneath us is not one solid piece.

T. Where two plates press against each other, pressure builds up over many years.

Options for question 145

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AnswerA · SPTRQ

  1. S opens with the cause. P explains "the ground" in more detail: it is made of plates.

  2. T is where "two plates" press, R is "when the rock finally slips", and Q applies it to the Himalayas.

  3. So the order is SPTRQ.

Worth noting

STPRQ says "two plates" before the paragraph has said the ground is made of plates.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Over five thousand letters arrived in two weeks.

Q. The zoo had a new baby elephant, and the keepers asked the public to suggest a name.

R. But one letter, from a girl of eight, suggested the name of her grandmother, who had worked at the zoo for thirty years.

S. Most suggested names of gods or film stars.

T. The keepers chose that name, and the girl was invited to meet the elephant.

Options for question 146

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · QPSRT

  1. Q opens: the baby elephant and the request. P is how many letters arrived.

  2. S says what "most" suggested, R turns with "but" to one letter, and T is the keepers' choice of "that name".

  3. So the order is QPSRT.

Worth noting

QPRST turns with "but" to one letter before saying what most letters suggested.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Many of the words we use in English came from other languages.

Q. These words entered English during British rule in India.

R. So an English speaker who washes her hair uses a word that began in India.

S. "Shampoo" comes from the Hindi word "champo", meaning to press or massage.

T. In the same way, "jungle" comes from "jangal", and "bungalow" from a word meaning a house in the Bengal style.

Options for question 147

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · PSTQR

  1. P opens with the main idea. S gives the first example.

  2. T adds more "in the same way", Q says when "these words" entered English, and R draws a playful conclusion with "so".

  3. So the order is PSTQR.

Worth noting

SPTQR opens with "shampoo", an example, before the paragraph has said what it is an example of.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. She wrapped twenty books in plain brown paper and wrote only a single line from inside on each.

Q. Our school librarian tested this with a simple experiment.

R. Many picked books they would never have touched, and several said they had found a new favourite.

S. An old saying tells us not to judge a book by its cover.

T. Students chose books by the line alone, without knowing the title or the author.

Options for question 148

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SQPTR

  1. S opens with the saying. Q says the librarian "tested this".

  2. P describes how she wrapped the books, T says how students chose, and R is the result.

  3. So the order is SQPTR.

Worth noting

SQTPR has students choosing by the line before the librarian has wrapped the books.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. But cattle were hard to carry, and grain could rot.

Q. The first coins, stamped to show their weight, appeared in the kingdom of Lydia about 2,600 years ago.

R. So, in time, people began to use pieces of metal, which lasted and were easy to carry.

S. They used things that everyone valued, such as cattle, grain or shells.

T. The first people to use money did not use coins or notes.

Options for question 149

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · TSPRQ

  1. T opens: the first money was not coins. S says what "they" used.

  2. P turns with "but" to the problems, R is "so", metal, and Q is "the first coins".

  3. So the order is TSPRQ.

Worth noting

STPRQ opens with "they used", which has nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. One evening, a passenger left a bag on the back seat.

Q. He drove to the police station and handed it in.

R. The next day, the owner came to their house with a box of sweets and a letter of thanks.

S. When Anita's father found it, he saw that it held a laptop and some cash.

T. Anita's father drives an auto-rickshaw in Pune.

Options for question 150

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · TPSQR

  1. T opens: it names Anita's father and his work. P is "one evening", the forgotten bag.

  2. S is when he found "it", Q is what he did with it, and R is "the next day".

  3. So the order is TPSQR.

Worth noting

TSPQR has him find "it" before any bag has been left.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It reaches our eyes and makes them sting.

Q. The eyes then make tears to wash it away.

R. When we cut an onion, we break its cells and release this chemical into the air.

S. Cutting an onion that has been kept in the fridge helps, because the cold slows the chemical down.

T. Onions make us cry because of a chemical inside them.

Options for question 151

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AnswerC · TRPQS

  1. T opens with the cause. R says how cutting releases "this chemical".

  2. P says what "it" does to our eyes, Q is how "the eyes then" respond, and S gives a tip.

  3. So the order is TRPQS.

Worth noting

RTPQS opens with "when we cut an onion", which reads well but leaves "this chemical" with nothing before it to point to.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When the council decided to widen the road, the tree was marked to be cut down.

Q. For years, the old banyan tree in the village square had been the meeting place of the elders.

R. The children of the village wrote letters to the council, and the elders sat under the tree in protest.

S. After a week, the council agreed to bend the road around the tree instead.

T. Today the tree still stands, and the children who saved it now sit under it as elders themselves.

Options for question 152

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · QPRST

  1. Q opens with the tree. P is the threat to it.

  2. R is how the village fought back, S is "after a week", and T is "today".

  3. So the order is QPRST.

Worth noting

QPSRT has the council give in before anyone has protested.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. As the Moon moves around the Earth, we see different amounts of its lit side.

Q. When the whole lit side faces us, we see a full moon.

R. The opposite happens at new moon: the lit side faces away, and the Moon seems to vanish.

S. The Moon has no light of its own.

T. What we see is sunlight bouncing off its surface.

Options for question 153

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · STPQR

  1. S opens with the fact. T says what "we see" instead.

  2. P explains the changing shapes, Q gives the full moon, and R is "the opposite", so it follows Q.

  3. So the order is STPQR.

Worth noting

TSPQR opens with "what we see", before the paragraph has said what it is explaining.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Every evening, he sat beside her with his phone while she sang.

Q. Now his whole class has heard songs that were never written down.

R. Deepak's grandmother cannot read, but she knows hundreds of songs by heart.

S. By the end of the holidays, he had recorded more than two hundred songs.

T. Last summer, Deepak decided to record them before they were forgotten.

Options for question 154

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · RTPSQ

  1. R opens: it names the grandmother and her songs. T is "last summer", when Deepak decided to record "them".

  2. P is how he did it, S is "by the end of the holidays", and Q is "now".

  3. So the order is RTPSQ.

Worth noting

RPTSQ has him sit with his phone every evening before he has decided to record anything.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When enough pressure builds up, it bursts out through the opening.

Q. A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface through which melted rock escapes.

R. Magma is lighter than the solid rock around it, so it slowly rises.

S. Deep underground, the rock is so hot that it melts into a thick liquid called magma.

T. Once it reaches the surface, it is called lava, and it cools into new rock.

Options for question 155

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · QSRPT

  1. Q opens: it says what a volcano is. S explains where the melted rock comes from: magma.

  2. R says magma rises, P is when it bursts out, and T is "once it reaches the surface".

  3. So the order is QSRPT.

Worth noting

QSPRT has the magma burst out before it has risen.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. So forest workers fixed thousands of cameras to trees along animal paths.

Q. Each tiger's stripes are different, like a fingerprint, so every photo could be matched to one animal.

R. The government wanted to know how many tigers were left in India's forests.

S. Counting them by sight was impossible, since tigers hide and move at night.

T. The count in 2022 found more than three thousand tigers, about three-quarters of all the wild tigers in the world.

Options for question 156

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · RSPQT

  1. R opens with the question. S says why counting by sight was impossible.

  2. P is the answer with "so": cameras. Q explains how each photo is matched, and T gives the result.

  3. So the order is RSPQT.

Worth noting

RSQPT explains the stripes before any photos have been taken.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A group of students noticed that the school canteen threw away a lot of food.

Q. On average, twenty kilograms of food went into the bin daily.

R. They showed the numbers to the principal and suggested smaller servings, with seconds for anyone still hungry.

S. They weighed the waste every day for a month.

T. Within a month of the change, the waste fell to five kilograms a day.

Options for question 157

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AnswerC · PSQRT

  1. P opens: it names the students and the problem. S is what "they" did first.

  2. Q gives the result of the weighing, R is what they did with "the numbers", and T is "within a month of the change".

  3. So the order is PSQRT.

Worth noting

SPQRT opens with "they", who have not been named yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. In fact, it changes colour mainly to show its mood and to signal to other chameleons.

Q. The chameleon is famous for changing its colour.

R. An angry chameleon may turn dark, while a calm one may be pale green.

S. Temperature matters too: a cold chameleon turns darker to soak up more heat.

T. Many people think it does this to match its background.

Options for question 158

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · QTPRS

  1. Q opens with the famous fact. T gives what "many people think".

  2. P corrects it with "in fact", R gives examples of moods, and S adds another cause with "too".

  3. So the order is QTPRS.

Worth noting

QTRPS gives the angry and calm chameleons before the paragraph has said that colour shows mood.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He passed his board exams with a first division, and he still visits her every Diwali.

Q. Sanjay had to change schools in the middle of Class 10.

R. When Sanjay's father lost his job, the family had to move to a smaller house.

S. A teacher noticed and began staying back after class to help him.

T. At the new school, he was behind in every subject.

Options for question 159

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · RQTSP

  1. R opens with the family's trouble. Q says Sanjay had to change schools.

  2. T is "at the new school", S is the teacher who helped "him", and P is the result.

  3. So the order is RQTSP.

Worth noting

RTQSP reaches "the new school" before Sanjay has changed schools.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It can reach a speed of about a hundred kilometres an hour in a few seconds.

Q. So a cheetah creeps as close as it can before it starts to run.

R. But it can keep up this speed only for a short distance.

S. If it does not catch its prey quickly, it must stop and rest.

T. The cheetah is the fastest animal on land.

Options for question 160

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · TPRSQ

  1. T opens: it names the cheetah. P gives its speed.

  2. R turns with "but" to its weakness, S says what happens if it is too slow, and Q draws the result with "so".

  3. So the order is TPRSQ.

Worth noting

TRPSQ turns with "but" to "this speed" before any speed has been given.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. She believed that he might have lived if a woman doctor had been there to help.

Q. Anandibai Joshi had lost her baby son when he was only ten days old.

R. One of the first Indian women to become a doctor trained in the United States in the 1880s.

S. So, at eighteen, she sailed to America and studied medicine in Philadelphia.

T. She graduated in 1886, but fell ill and died the next year, at only twenty-one.

Options for question 161

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · RQPST

  1. R opens with who the paragraph is about. Q names her and her loss.

  2. P is what "she believed" about "he", her son. S is what she did with "so", and T is the end.

  3. So the order is RQPST.

Worth noting

RPQST has "she" believe that "he" might have lived before her son has been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Every monsoon, the river near our town floods the fields on its banks.

Q. But when the water went down, the rice stood up again, and they had a good harvest.

R. When the flood came last year, their fields were under water for ten days.

S. For years, farmers lost their crops to the water.

T. Then they began to grow rice that can survive under water for two weeks.

Options for question 162

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · PSTRQ

  1. P opens with the yearly flood. S says what it cost farmers "for years".

  2. T is "then", the new rice, R is last year's flood, and Q turns with "but" to the result.

  3. So the order is PSTRQ.

Worth noting

PSRTQ brings last year's flood before the new rice has been planted.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. A good password is like a good lock: it should be hard for strangers to open.

Q. Short passwords, or ones made of your name or birthday, can be guessed in seconds.

R. Then, if one password is stolen, the thief cannot open everything else.

S. Long passwords made of several unrelated words are much harder to crack.

T. It also helps to use a different password for every account.

Options for question 163

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · PQSTR

  1. P opens with the comparison. Q gives the weak kind.

  2. S gives the strong kind, T adds a second tip with "also", and R explains it with "then".

  3. So the order is PQSTR.

Worth noting

PSQTR calls long passwords "much harder to crack" before the easy ones have been described.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The circus came to our town for one week every winter.

Q. The tent went up in the big ground behind the station.

R. There were acrobats, a man who juggled fire, and a clown who kept falling off his bicycle.

S. When the tent came down at the end of the week, the ground felt very empty.

T. On the first night, my father took us to see the show.

Options for question 164

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · PQTRS

  1. P opens with the circus. Q is the tent going up.

  2. T is "the first night", R is what "there were" in the show, and S is the end of the week.

  3. So the order is PQTRS.

Worth noting

PTQRS has the family at the show before the tent has gone up.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. There are so many of them that together they make about half the world's oxygen.

Q. Forests are not the only source of the oxygen we breathe.

R. Much of it comes from tiny plants that float in the sea, called phytoplankton.

S. So keeping the oceans clean matters for our breath as much as protecting forests.

T. Like trees, they use sunlight to make food and give off oxygen.

Options for question 165

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · QRTPS

  1. Q opens with the claim. R says where "much of it" comes from.

  2. T says what "they" do, like trees, P says how much they make together, and S draws the lesson with "so".

  3. So the order is QRTPS.

Worth noting

RQTPS opens with "much of it", which has nothing to point to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When a new shopping mall opened nearby, people began to buy new shoes instead of mending old ones.

Q. He knew every family in the street by their footwear.

R. But last year, a group of college students started a campaign to "mend, not throw", and now there is a queue at his box every morning.

S. The old man had repaired shoes on the same pavement for fifty years.

T. For a while, he had almost no customers.

Options for question 166

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · SQPTR

  1. S opens with the old man. Q says what "he" knew.

  2. P is the change the mall brought, T is "for a while", and R turns with "but" to last year.

  3. So the order is SQPTR.

Worth noting

SQTPR says he had almost no customers before the mall has opened.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It is often said that the early bird catches the worm.

Q. The saying praises people who start their work before others.

R. Some people think most clearly late at night, when the house is quiet.

S. Perhaps the real lesson is to know when you work best, and to use that time well.

T. But not everyone does their best work in the morning.

Options for question 167

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · PQTRS

  1. P opens with a saying. Q explains "the saying".

  2. T turns with "but", R gives the example of people who work best at night, and S draws the lesson.

  3. So the order is PQTRS.

Worth noting

QPTRS opens with "the saying", before any saying has been given.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Some birds travel thousands of kilometres every year.

Q. Then the villagers of Nagaland agreed to stop the hunting and protect the birds instead.

R. The Amur falcon, for example, flies from Siberia and China to Africa, stopping in Nagaland on the way.

S. For years, many of these falcons were hunted when they rested there.

T. Now thousands of visitors come each autumn to watch the falcons in the sky.

Options for question 168

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AnswerD · PRSQT

  1. P opens with the general fact. R gives an example, "for example".

  2. S says what happened to "these falcons" when they rested "there", in Nagaland. Q is "then", the change, and T is "now".

  3. So the order is PRSQT.

Worth noting

PSRQT brings in the hunting before the falcon and the place where it rests have been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The detective then builds a picture that explains all the details together.

Q. He or she begins by looking closely at every small detail.

R. A good detective does not guess.

S. Only when every detail fits is the case called solved.

T. A muddy shoe, a missing button or a cup still warm may each tell a story.

Options for question 169

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AnswerA · RQTPS

  1. R opens with the main idea. Q says how a detective "begins".

  2. T gives examples of "every small detail", P says what the detective does "then", and S is the end, when the case is solved.

  3. So the order is RQTPS.

Worth noting

QRTPS opens with "he or she begins", before the detective has been mentioned.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. That began to change when the team reached the World Cup final in 2017.

Q. India's women's cricket team played its first Test match in 1976.

R. Today its players are household names, and their matches fill stadiums.

S. For years afterwards, the players paid for their own travel and kit.

T. Few newspapers reported their matches, and fewer people came to watch.

Options for question 170

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · QSTPR

  1. Q opens with the start of the story. S is "for years afterwards".

  2. T adds how little attention they got, P says "that began to change", and R is "today".

  3. So the order is QSTPR.

Worth noting

QSPTR says "that began to change" before the paragraph has shown how little attention the team got.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. It sorts through the day's memories, keeping some and throwing others away.

Q. In fact, the sleeping brain is very busy.

R. Most of us think of sleep as rest, a time when nothing happens.

S. Seen this way, sleep is not time lost but work that makes the next day possible.

T. It also cleans out waste that builds up while we are awake.

Options for question 171

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · RQPTS

  1. R opens with a common view. Q answers it with "in fact".

  2. P gives the first job "it" does, T adds a second with "also", and S sums up with "seen this way".

  3. So the order is RQPTS.

Worth noting

QRPTS opens with "in fact", which needs a view before it to correct.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. But the road also brought trucks that took away the forest's timber.

Q. When the new road reached the mountain village, everyone expected life to get better.

R. Now the villagers are planting trees again, hoping the road will bring visitors rather than trucks.

S. And in some ways it did: buses came, and the sick could reach a hospital in hours instead of days.

T. Within ten years, the hills above the village were bare, and landslides began.

Options for question 172

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · QSPTR

  1. Q opens with the road and the hope. S says "in some ways it did".

  2. P turns with "but" to the harm, T is "within ten years", and R is "now".

  3. So the order is QSPTR.

Worth noting

QPSTR brings in the harm, with "but ... also", before the good it is set against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Most scientists think the dinosaurs died out because of a giant rock from space.

Q. The impact threw so much dust into the air that sunlight was blocked for months.

R. Without sunlight, plants died, and then the animals that ate them.

S. A huge crater found in Mexico in the 1990s, of just the right age, supports the idea.

T. About sixty-six million years ago, a rock several kilometres wide struck what is now Mexico.

Options for question 173

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AnswerD · PTQRS

  1. P opens with the idea. T gives the event: "about sixty-six million years ago".

  2. Q gives what "the impact" did, R is what followed "without sunlight", and S gives the evidence that "supports the idea".

  3. So the order is PTQRS.

Worth noting

PQTRS says "the impact" before the rock has struck.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The play was a great success, and the word spread quickly into other languages.

Q. Today "robot" is used for any machine that can do tasks on its own, from vacuum cleaners to cars.

R. The word "robot" was first used in a play written in 1920.

S. At first they obey, but in the end they rise up against their makers.

T. In the play, robots are artificial workers made in a factory to do the work of people.

Options for question 174

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · RTSPQ

  1. R opens with the word and the play. T says what robots are "in the play".

  2. S says what "they" do at first and in the end, P says what happened to "the play", and Q is "today".

  3. So the order is RTSPQ.

Worth noting

RSTPQ has "they" obey and rise up before the robots of the play have been described.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Scientists are still testing this, which shows that even ordinary things can hold mysteries.

Q. But experiments have shown that breathing extra oxygen does not stop people yawning.

R. One old idea is that yawning brings more oxygen into the body.

S. A newer idea is that yawning cools the brain, a little like a fan cools a machine.

T. Why do we yawn?

Options for question 175

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · TRQSP

  1. T opens with the question. R gives "one old idea".

  2. Q turns with "but" against it, S gives "a newer idea", and P says scientists are "still testing this".

  3. So the order is TRQSP.

Worth noting

RTQSP opens with an answer before the question has been asked.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The farmer's son wanted to leave the village and work in the city.

Q. Twenty years later, he came back to visit and found the tree tall and heavy with fruit.

R. Children from the village were eating its mangoes, and the boy understood what his father had meant.

S. The boy planted it, left, and found work in a factory far away.

T. His father did not argue; he only asked him to plant one mango tree before he left.

Options for question 176

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerC · PTSQR

  1. P opens: it names the son and his wish. T is his father's request.

  2. S is the boy planting "it" and leaving, Q is "twenty years later", and R is what he saw and understood.

  3. So the order is PTSQR.

Worth noting

PTQSR brings him back "twenty years later" before he has planted the tree or left.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. They carry nectar back to the hive, where other bees fan it with their wings until most of the water dries up.

Q. So the next time you eat a spoon of honey, remember that it is the life's work of about a dozen bees.

R. The thick honey is then stored in wax cells and sealed.

S. A single honeybee makes only about a twelfth of a teaspoon of honey in its whole life.

T. To make a jar of honey, bees must visit around two million flowers.

Options for question 177

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · STPRQ

  1. S opens with how little one bee makes. T says how much work "a jar" takes.

  2. P says what "they" do with the nectar, R is "then", storing it, and Q draws the lesson with "so".

  3. So the order is STPRQ.

Worth noting

STRPQ stores "the thick honey" before the nectar has been carried back and dried.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The first telephone call was made by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.

Q. His words were simple: he asked his assistant, who was in the next room, to come to him.

R. Today, billions of people carry a telephone in their pocket.

S. But by 1900, there were more than a million telephones in the United States alone.

T. For years afterwards, most people thought the telephone was a toy for the rich.

Options for question 178

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · PQTSR

  1. P opens: the first call. Q gives "his words".

  2. T is "for years afterwards", S turns with "but by 1900", and R is "today".

  3. So the order is PQTSR.

Worth noting

PTQSR puts the years afterwards before Bell's words, so "his words" then has no one to belong to.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. We usually think of maps as true pictures of the world.

Q. On it, Greenland looks as large as Africa, though Africa is about fourteen times bigger.

R. So a map is not a photograph but a choice about what to show correctly and what to bend.

S. But every flat map of the round Earth must stretch some places and squeeze others.

T. The most common world map makes countries near the poles look far bigger than they are.

Options for question 179

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerA · PSTQR

  1. P opens with a common belief. S turns with "but".

  2. T gives an example map, Q gives a case "on it", and R draws the conclusion with "so".

  3. So the order is PSTQR.

Worth noting

SPTQR opens with "but", which needs a belief before it to turn against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. As a boy, he sold newspapers to help his family.

Q. Dr Kalam was born in 1931 in Rameswaram, a small town on the coast of Tamil Nadu.

R. He studied physics and then aerospace engineering, and joined India's space and missile programmes.

S. In 2002, he became the President of India, and he was loved especially by students.

T. His work on rockets earned him the name "the Missile Man of India".

Options for question 180

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerB · QPRTS

  1. Q opens: it names Dr Kalam and his birthplace. P is "as a boy".

  2. R is his studies and work, T is the name "his work" earned, and S is 2002.

  3. So the order is QPRTS.

Worth noting

QRPTS has him studying engineering before we hear about his boyhood.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. When the sun heats the sea, water rises as vapour, but the salt stays behind.

Q. Over millions of years, the salt has built up, and the sea has become salty.

R. Why is the sea salty, when rivers are not?

S. Rivers carry this salt to the sea.

T. Rainwater picks up tiny amounts of salt as it flows over rocks and soil.

Options for question 181

Show the explanationHide the explanation

AnswerD · RTSPQ

  1. R opens with the question. T begins the answer: rain picks up salt.

  2. S says rivers carry "this salt", P is what happens when the sun heats the sea, and Q is the result over millions of years.

  3. So the order is RTSPQ.

Worth noting

TRSPQ opens with an answer before the question has been asked.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The illness, called scurvy, was later found to be caused by a lack of vitamin C.

Q. Their gums bled, their teeth fell out and their old wounds opened again.

R. For a long time, doctors could not explain why so many sailors on long voyages fell ill and died.

S. They got better within days, while the others did not.

T. In 1747, a ship's doctor named James Lind gave some sick sailors oranges and lemons.

Options for question 182

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AnswerA · RQTSP

  1. R opens with the mystery. Q describes the illness with "their".

  2. T is Lind's test, S is the result, and P names the illness and its cause.

  3. So the order is RQTSP.

Worth noting

RQSTP gives the result of Lind's test before the test.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. In a long race, though, the runner who starts too fast often tires before the end.

Q. So in running, as in many things, knowing when to push can matter more than speed alone.

R. It is tempting to think that the fastest runner always wins the race.

S. Good runners hold back in the early laps and save their strength.

T. In the last lap, when others are tired, they speed up and pass them.

Options for question 183

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AnswerC · RPSTQ

  1. R opens with a tempting idea. P turns with "though".

  2. S says what good runners do instead, T is "the last lap", and Q draws the lesson with "so".

  3. So the order is RPSTQ.

Worth noting

PRSTQ opens with "though", which needs an idea before it to turn against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. The village had no doctor, and the nearest hospital was forty kilometres away.

Q. She treated fevers and cuts, and taught mothers how to keep babies healthy.

R. In five years, the number of babies who died in the village fell by half.

S. A young woman from the village, Sunita, trained as a health worker in the town.

T. When she came back, she set up a small clinic in her own front room.

Options for question 184

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AnswerC · PSTQR

  1. P opens with the problem. S names Sunita and her training.

  2. T is "when she came back", Q is what she did in the clinic, and R is the result "in five years".

  3. So the order is PSTQR.

Worth noting

PTSQR has "she" come back before Sunita has been named.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Covered drains ran under the streets to carry waste water away.

Q. Their streets were laid out in straight lines, crossing at right angles.

R. The Indus Valley people built some of the world's first planned cities, nearly five thousand years ago.

S. Houses were built of baked bricks of the same size, and many had their own bathrooms.

T. Such planning suggests a strong government, though we still cannot read their writing to know for sure.

Options for question 185

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AnswerB · RQSPT

  1. R opens: it names the Indus Valley people and their cities. Q describes "their streets".

  2. S describes the houses, P the drains under "the streets", and T says what "such planning" suggests.

  3. So the order is RQSPT.

Worth noting

QRSPT opens with "their streets", which have nothing to belong to yet.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. He realised that the mould was making something that killed germs.

Q. He called it penicillin, but for years nobody could make enough of it to use as a medicine.

R. Only in the 1940s did other scientists find a way, and penicillin went on to save millions of lives.

S. Around the mould, the germs he had been growing had died.

T. In 1928, Alexander Fleming came back from a holiday to find mould growing on a dish in his laboratory.

Options for question 186

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AnswerA · TSPQR

  1. T opens: Fleming and the mould. S says what had happened "around the mould".

  2. P is what "he realised", Q is the name he gave "it", and R is "only in the 1940s".

  3. So the order is TSPQR.

Worth noting

TPSQR has him realise what the mould was doing before we learn the germs around it had died.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Still, the same studies warn that too many hours of play can harm sleep and school work.

Q. Yet studies suggest that certain games can improve attention and quick thinking.

R. Some people say that video games are a waste of time.

S. In one study, surgeons who played such games made fewer mistakes in practice operations.

T. As with most things, the answer seems to lie not in the games themselves but in how much we play them.

Options for question 187

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AnswerC · RQSPT

  1. R opens with one view. Q turns with "yet" to the evidence.

  2. S gives an example study, P turns back with "still", and T weighs both sides.

  3. So the order is RQSPT.

Worth noting

QRSPT opens with "yet", which needs a view before it to turn against.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Most of Mauna Kea lies under the sea, so only about four kilometres of it shows above the water.

Q. The tallest mountain on Earth, measured from sea level, is Mount Everest.

R. So the answer to "which mountain is tallest?" depends on where you start measuring.

S. From its base on the ocean floor to its top, however, it is over ten kilometres tall, taller than Everest.

T. But if you measure from the base, the tallest is Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

Options for question 188

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AnswerD · QTPSR

  1. Q opens with the usual answer. T turns with "but" to measuring from the base.

  2. P says most of Mauna Kea is under the sea, S turns with "however" to its full height, and R draws the conclusion with "so".

  3. So the order is QTPSR.

Worth noting

QTSPR gives the full height, with "however", before saying how little of the mountain shows above water.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. Every family gave either money, bamboo or two days of work.

Q. The government promised a new bridge, but a year passed and nothing happened.

R. When the old bridge collapsed, the villagers on the far bank were cut off from the market.

S. So the villagers decided to build one themselves.

T. In three months, a strong bamboo bridge stood across the river, and the first to cross it were the children going to school.

Options for question 189

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AnswerA · RQSPT

  1. R opens with the collapse. Q is the government's promise and the wait.

  2. S is what the villagers decided, "so", P is what each family gave, and T is "in three months".

  3. So the order is RQSPT.

Worth noting

QRSPT opens with the government's promise of "a new bridge", before we know the old one has fallen.

Arrange the sentences in the right order to make a paragraph.

P. For most of history, people could only guess what the far side of the Moon looked like.

Q. The Moon turns in a way that keeps the same face towards the Earth.

R. In 2019, a Chinese rover became the first machine to land on the far side.

S. So no one on Earth had ever seen its other side.

T. In 1959, a Soviet spacecraft flew behind the Moon and sent back the first blurry photographs.

Options for question 190

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AnswerD · PQSTR

  1. P opens with the mystery. Q explains why: the same face always points at us.

  2. S is the result with "so", T is 1959, and R is 2019.

  3. So the order is PQSTR.

Worth noting

PQTSR says no one had ever seen the far side after the paragraph has told us a spacecraft photographed it.

The opening or closing sentence given

60 questions

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Every Saturday, Kavita helps her grandfather in his vegetable shop.

P. Together they arrange the tomatoes, onions and potatoes in neat piles.

Q. When the customers start coming, she weighs the vegetables while he takes the money.

R. She reaches the shop at seven and helps him lift the shutter.

S. At noon, they close for lunch and share the food her grandmother has packed.

Closing: In the afternoon, Kavita goes home tired but happy, with a bag of fresh fruit.

Options for question 191

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AnswerB · RPQS

  1. After the opening sentence, R is the start of the day: she reaches the shop at seven.

  2. P is the next job, setting out the vegetables "together". Q comes "when the customers start coming", and S is "at noon", which leads to the afternoon in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

RQPS serves customers before the vegetables have been set out.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Plants make their own food in their leaves.

P. The water comes up from the roots through thin tubes in the stem.

Q. The carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes on the underside of each leaf.

R. To do this, they need sunlight, water and a gas from the air called carbon dioxide.

S. Using the energy of sunlight, the leaf joins these together to make sugar.

Closing: This process is called photosynthesis, and it also gives off the oxygen we breathe.

Options for question 192

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AnswerC · RPQS

  1. After the opening sentence, R says what plants need "to do this".

  2. P says where "the water" comes from, and Q where "the carbon dioxide" enters. S joins "these together", which leads to the name of the process in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

PRQS says where "the water" comes from before the paragraph has said that plants need water.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Suresh had wanted a bicycle for as long as he could remember.

P. By the end of two years, he had saved nearly half the price.

Q. On Suresh's twelfth birthday, they went to the shop together and chose a red one.

R. His father, seeing how hard he had tried, offered to pay the rest.

S. He saved every coin he was given for festivals and birthdays.

Closing: He rode it home without once touching the brakes, grinning all the way.

Options for question 193

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AnswerA · SPRQ

  1. After the opening sentence, S says how he began: saving every coin.

  2. P is "by the end of two years", R is his father's offer, and Q is the day they bought it, which leads to riding it home in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is SPRQ.

Worth noting

SPQR has them go to the shop before his father has offered to pay the rest.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.

P. Hundreds of millions of people depend on the water these rivers carry.

Q. They stretch for about two and a half thousand kilometres across Asia.

R. Many of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest, stand among them.

S. Their snow and glaciers feed great rivers such as the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

Closing: That is why the Himalayas are sometimes called the water towers of Asia.

Options for question 194

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. After the opening sentence, Q gives their length, with "they".

  2. R names the peaks "among them". S turns to "their snow and glaciers", and P depends on "these rivers" from S, which leads to "that is why" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQPS mentions "these rivers" before any river has been named.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The children decided to put on a puppet show for the younger classes.

P. On the day of the show, the little ones sat on the floor in front of the curtain.

Q. For a week, they practised moving the puppets and saying their lines behind a curtain.

R. First, they wrote a short story about a greedy crow and a clever fox.

S. Then they made the puppets from old socks, buttons and bits of wool.

Closing: When the fox tricked the crow, they laughed so loudly that the principal came to see.

Options for question 195

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AnswerC · RSQP

  1. After the opening sentence, R says "first": they wrote the story.

  2. S says "then": the puppets. Q is a week of practice with "the puppets", and P is the day of the show, which leads to the laughter in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RSQP.

Worth noting

RQSP practises with the puppets before they have been made.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The honeybee dance is one of the most surprising things in nature.

P. When a worker bee finds a good patch of flowers, she flies back to the hive.

Q. The other bees then fly out and find the flowers without ever having seen them.

R. The direction of the dance tells them which way to fly, and its length tells them how far.

S. There she does a little dance on the honeycomb, in front of the other bees.

Closing: In this way, a single bee can guide hundreds of others to food.

Options for question 196

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AnswerB · PSRQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P is when a bee finds flowers and flies back.

  2. S is what she does "there", in the hive. R explains what the dance tells "them", and Q is "then", which leads to "in this way" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PSRQ.

Worth noting

SPRQ has "she" dance "there" before any bee or place has been named.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Last week, our town had its first heavy rain of the monsoon.

P. The next morning, the town council sent workers to clean out the blocked drains.

Q. Shopkeepers rushed to lift their goods onto high shelves.

R. Within an hour, the streets near the market were under water.

S. By evening, the rain had stopped and the water began to drain away.

Closing: They found them full of plastic bags, which is why the water could not flow.

Options for question 197

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AnswerA · RQSP

  1. After the opening sentence, R is "within an hour", the flooded streets.

  2. Q is the shopkeepers' rush, S is "by evening", and P is "the next morning", which leads to what "they" found in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

RQPS sends the council's workers "the next morning" before the evening has come.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: A tortoise can live for more than a hundred years.

P. It moves slowly, but it does not need to be fast.

Q. It also needs very little food, and can go for weeks without eating.

R. Its hard shell protects it from most animals that might attack it.

S. When it senses danger, it simply pulls its head and legs inside.

Closing: With a body like this, a tortoise has no need to hurry.

Options for question 198

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AnswerD · PRSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P says it is slow but "does not need to be fast".

  2. R gives the first reason: its shell. S says it pulls its head and legs "inside", which needs the shell. Q adds a second reason with "also", which leads to "a body like this" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

PSRQ has the tortoise pull its head and legs "inside" before its shell has been mentioned.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Rekha was the only girl in her village to reach college.

P. In her final year, she came first in the whole university.

Q. The college gave her a scholarship to study further, with all fees paid.

R. She knew what it had cost them, so she studied late every night.

S. Her parents had to sell two of their goats to pay the first year's fees.

Closing: Last month, she came home and bought her parents four goats.

Options for question 199

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AnswerB · SRPQ

  1. After the opening sentence, S is what her parents gave up for "the first year's fees".

  2. R is how she repaid "what it had cost them", P is "her final year", and Q is the scholarship, which leads to her return home in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is SRPQ.

Worth noting

SPRQ has her come first in her final year before she has begun to study hard.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: It was the day of the school sports meet.

P. In the afternoon, he ran the last leg of the relay for his house.

Q. The morning began with the hundred-metre race, which Arun won by a hair.

R. After that came the long jump, where he came second.

S. He was ten metres behind when the baton reached him, but he passed every runner before the tape.

Closing: That evening, Arun's house won the trophy, and his name was read out as the best athlete of the day.

Options for question 200

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AnswerC · QRPS

  1. After the opening sentence, Q is "the morning" and the first race.

  2. R is "after that", P is "in the afternoon", the relay, and S is how he ran that last leg, which leads to "that evening" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QRPS.

Worth noting

QPRS puts the long jump between the relay and the baton, which reaches him in the relay.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Owls can turn their heads almost all the way round.

P. Its neck has twice as many bones as ours, which lets it twist much further.

Q. Their eyes are fixed in their heads and cannot move like ours.

R. Special blood vessels in its neck keep the blood flowing even when the head is turned right round.

S. So to look to the side or behind, an owl must turn its whole head.

Closing: This is how an owl can watch what is behind it without moving its body.

Options for question 201

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AnswerA · QSPR

  1. After the opening sentence, Q gives the reason: their eyes cannot move.

  2. S draws the result with "so", P says how its neck makes this possible, and R adds the blood vessels in "its neck", which leads to "this is how" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

SQPR opens with "so", which needs a reason before it.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Meenakshi's family runs a small dhaba on the highway.

P. Her mother makes the dough for the rotis and cuts the vegetables.

Q. Meenakshi helps before school, carrying plates and taking orders.

R. Her father lights the tandoor at five in the morning.

S. By seven, the first trucks pull up, and the drivers order tea and parathas.

Closing: When she leaves for school at eight, the dhaba is already full.

Options for question 202

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AnswerA · RPSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, R is the first job, at five.

  2. P is her mother's work, S is "by seven", when the trucks come, and Q is how Meenakshi helps "before school", which leads to her leaving at eight in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RPQS has Meenakshi carrying plates before the first trucks have arrived.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Chess was first played in India about fifteen hundred years ago.

P. It was called chaturanga, after the four parts of an Indian army: foot soldiers, horses, elephants and chariots.

Q. From Persia it spread to the Arab world and then to Europe.

R. Along the way, some pieces changed: the elephant became the bishop, and the chariot became the rook.

S. From India, the game travelled to Persia, where it was called shatranj.

Closing: Today the game is played in every country, and India is again one of its strongest nations.

Options for question 203

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AnswerD · PSQR

  1. After the opening sentence, P gives its first name, chaturanga.

  2. S is "from India" to Persia, Q is "from Persia" onwards, and R is what changed "along the way", which leads to "today" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PSQR.

Worth noting

SPRQ changes the pieces "along the way" before the game has left Persia.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The old postman retired after thirty-five years.

P. At the first house, the family gave him a box of sweets.

Q. On his last day, he walked his round as usual, delivering letters to every house.

R. By the end of the round, his bag was fuller than when he had started, with gifts instead of letters.

S. At the next, a little girl gave him a card she had drawn herself.

Closing: He said it was the heaviest bag he had ever carried, and the lightest his heart had ever felt.

Options for question 204

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AnswerB · QPSR

  1. After the opening sentence, Q is "his last day".

  2. P is "the first house", S is "the next", and R is "by the end of the round", which leads to what he said in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QSPR reaches "the next" house before the first.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Raju's grandmother keeps a small clay pot of water on the window ledge in summer.

P. By afternoon, the water is cool, even on the hottest days.

Q. As it dries, it takes heat away from the pot and the water inside.

R. She fills it every morning from the tap.

S. This is because a little water seeps through the clay and dries on the outside of the pot.

Options for question 205

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AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, R is what she does "every morning".

  2. P is "by afternoon", S explains why with "this is because", and Q continues the explanation with "as it dries".

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ explains "this" before the water has become cool.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: The children found a wounded kitten under the stairs.

P. The children took turns to feed it until it could walk again.

Q. They wrapped it in a towel and took it to the animal clinic down the road.

R. One of its legs was bleeding, and it was too weak to stand.

S. The vet cleaned the wound and said the kitten would be fine in a week.

Options for question 206

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AnswerA · RQSP

  1. After the opening sentence, R describes the kitten's injury.

  2. Q is what "they" did, S is the vet's help at the clinic, and P is the week after.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

RSQP has the vet clean the wound before the kitten has been taken to the clinic.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Earthworms come up to the surface when it rains.

P. Another is that moving over wet ground is easier than digging through soil.

Q. One idea is that the rain fills their tunnels with water, so they come up to breathe.

R. Whatever the reason, the next time it rains, you will probably see them on the paths.

S. Scientists are not sure why they do this.

Options for question 207

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AnswerC · SQPR

  1. After the opening sentence, S says scientists are "not sure why".

  2. Q gives "one idea", P gives "another", and R says "whatever the reason", so it comes last.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SQRP says "whatever the reason" before the second reason has been given.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: The school library got a new rule: every student must read one book a month.

P. At first, many students grumbled about it.

Q. But the librarian let each student choose any book at all, even comics.

R. By the end of the year, the library had to buy two new shelves.

S. Soon, students who had never read a book were asking for the next one in a series.

Options for question 208

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AnswerD · PQSR

  1. After the opening sentence, P is "at first".

  2. Q turns with "but", S is "soon", and R is "by the end of the year".

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPRS opens with "but", which needs something before it to turn against.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Every winter, a family of cranes comes to the lake near our village.

P. All winter, they wade in the shallow water and feed on roots and small fish.

Q. One morning in April, they rise into the sky together and fly away until next year.

R. In March, as the days grow warmer, they begin to call more often and practise short flights.

S. They arrive in November, after flying thousands of kilometres from the north.

Options for question 209

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AnswerA · SPRQ

  1. After the opening sentence, S says when "they" arrive.

  2. P is "all winter", R is "in March", and Q is "one morning in April".

  3. So the order is SPRQ.

Worth noting

SRPQ puts March before the winter it follows.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: The school decided to hold its first science fair.

P. On the day of the fair, when the fan was switched on, the bulb glowed, and everyone cheered.

Q. We spent two weeks cutting, gluing and testing the blades.

R. Every class was asked to make one project.

S. Our class chose to build a model of a windmill that could light a small bulb.

Options for question 210

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AnswerB · RSQP

  1. After the opening sentence, R is what every class was asked to do.

  2. S is what "our class" chose, Q is the two weeks of work, and P is "the day of the fair".

  3. So the order is RSQP.

Worth noting

SRPQ opens with "our class chose", before any class has been asked to do anything.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Bread rises because of a tiny living thing called yeast.

P. As it feeds, it gives off bubbles of gas.

Q. When yeast is mixed into dough with a little sugar and warm water, it begins to feed.

R. When the bread is baked, the heat kills the yeast, but the bubbles stay as little holes in the bread.

S. The bubbles are trapped in the dough and make it swell up.

Options for question 211

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AnswerB · QPSR

  1. After the opening sentence, Q is when yeast begins to feed.

  2. P is "as it feeds", S is what "the bubbles" do, and R is "when the bread is baked".

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QPRS bakes the bread before the bubbles have made the dough swell.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Amma keeps a jar of coins on the kitchen shelf.

P. Every time someone in the family gets change, they drop a coin into it.

Q. Last year, the money paid for a trip to the hills for all of us.

R. At the end of each year, the jar is so full that it is hard to lift.

S. Then the whole family counts the coins together at the kitchen table.

Options for question 212

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AnswerC · PRSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P says how the jar fills.

  2. R is "at the end of each year", S is "then", counting, and Q is last year's use of the money.

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ fills the jar at the end of the year before anyone has put a coin in it.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. A new teacher at the school brought a ball and marked out a field with chalk.

Q. But soon the three became ten, and the ten became thirty.

R. The girls of the village had never played football.

S. At first, only three girls came to play.

Closing: Last year, their team won the district championship.

Options for question 213

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AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. R opens: the girls had never played. P is the teacher who started it.

  2. S is "at first", and Q turns with "but soon", which leads to the championship in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ has girls coming to play before anyone has brought a ball.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. Snow leopards live high in the mountains of Central Asia, including Ladakh.

Q. Their long, heavy tails help them balance on narrow ledges.

R. Their thick grey fur, with dark spots, keeps them warm and hides them against the rocks.

S. At night, they wrap these tails around their faces like a scarf.

Closing: With all this, they can live where few other animals can survive.

Options for question 214

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AnswerD · PRQS

  1. P opens: it names snow leopards and where they live. R describes "their thick grey fur".

  2. Q describes "their long, heavy tails", and S says what they do with "these tails", which leads to "with all this" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PRQS.

Worth noting

PRSQ wraps "these tails" around their faces before any tails have been mentioned.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The Konkan Railway runs along India's west coast, from Maharashtra to Karnataka.

P. The land is cut by hundreds of rivers, and steep hills rise straight from the sea.

Q. Yet in the 1990s, workers built the line through ninety tunnels and across two thousand bridges.

R. For decades, engineers had said that a railway there could not be built.

S. They finished it in just seven years.

Closing: Today the train carries people and goods along a route that once took days by road.

Options for question 215

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AnswerC · RPQS

  1. After the opening sentence, R gives the old belief: it could not be built.

  2. P gives the reason, the rivers and hills. Q turns with "yet", and S says how fast "they" finished "it", which leads to "today" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

PRSQ has "they" finish "it" before anyone has started building.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Anu had always been scared of dogs.

P. Since then, she crossed the road whenever she saw one.

Q. She said no at first, but the puppy looked at her with such sad eyes that she agreed.

R. When she was five, a street dog had chased her all the way home.

S. Last year, her neighbours asked her to look after their puppy for a week.

Closing: By the end of the week, she did not want to give it back.

Options for question 216

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AnswerB · RPSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, R gives the cause: a dog chased her at five.

  2. P is "since then", S is "last year", the request, and Q is her answer, which leads to the end of the week in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ puts "since then" after the neighbours' request, so it seems to begin with the request, and "she said no" is cut off from the question it answers.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Mangroves are trees that grow where rivers meet the sea.

P. In 2004, when a tsunami struck the coast of Tamil Nadu, villages behind thick mangroves suffered far less damage.

Q. Their roots grow down into the salty mud and arch up above the water.

R. Scientists later studied these villages and found that the trees had taken much of the waves' force.

S. These tangled roots slow down the waves before they reach the shore.

Closing: Since then, many coastal states have begun to plant mangroves again.

Options for question 217

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AnswerD · QSPR

  1. After the opening sentence, Q describes "their roots".

  2. S says what "these tangled roots" do, P gives the 2004 example, and R says scientists "later studied these villages", which leads to "since then" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QSPR.

Worth noting

SQPR says "these tangled roots" before the roots have been described.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: In many Indian homes, the day begins with a cup of tea.

P. A little under two hundred years ago, the British began to grow it in Assam to sell abroad.

Q. Then, in the early twentieth century, tea companies began to advertise it to Indians themselves.

R. For a long time, most of it was sent out of the country, and few Indians drank it.

S. But tea was not always a common drink here.

Closing: Within a few decades, a cup of chai had become part of daily life across the country.

Options for question 218

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AnswerC · SPRQ

  1. After the opening sentence, S turns with "but": tea was not always common.

  2. P says when it began to be grown, R is "for a long time" it was sent abroad, and Q is "then", the advertising, which leads to "within a few decades" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is SPRQ.

Worth noting

SRQP says "most of it was sent out" before the paragraph has said where the tea came from.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Dev had practised the song for the talent show every day for a month.

P. On stage, the quiet version of the song made the hall fall completely silent.

Q. His younger sister said she would play the harmonium while he sang softly.

R. His voice came out as a croak, and he wanted to pull out.

S. But on the morning of the show, he woke up with a sore throat.

Closing: When it ended, the applause went on for so long that the judges had to ask for quiet.

Options for question 219

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AnswerA · SRQP

  1. After the opening sentence, S turns with "but": the sore throat.

  2. R says what his voice was like, Q is his sister's idea, and P is "on stage", which leads to the applause in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is SRQP.

Worth noting

RSQP puts his croaking voice before the sore throat that caused it.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: A single tree can do a great deal of work in a city.

P. In the monsoon, its roots soak up the rain, and the gate is the only place that never floods.

Q. Take the neem tree outside our school, planted by a teacher forty years ago.

R. On summer afternoons, its shade keeps the gate so cool that the whole school waits there for the bus.

S. And all year, its branches are full of parrots, whose noise we hear even in class.

Closing: Without it, our school would be hotter, wetter and much quieter.

Options for question 220

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AnswerC · QRPS

  1. After the opening sentence, Q brings in one tree: "take the neem tree".

  2. R, P and S give its work in order: "its shade" in summer, "its roots" in the monsoon, and "all year" its branches. The closing sentence lists them in the same order: hotter, wetter, quieter.

  3. So the order is QRPS.

Worth noting

RQPS opens with "its shade" before the neem tree has been named.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The first Indian to win an Olympic medal in wrestling was K. D. Jadhav, in 1952.

P. He came from a small village in Maharashtra, where his father was also a wrestler.

Q. In Helsinki, Jadhav won a bronze medal, India's first individual Olympic medal after independence.

R. To pay for his trip to the Olympics in Helsinki, he went from door to door asking for help.

S. The principal of his old college even mortgaged his house to give him money.

Closing: When he returned, his village welcomed him with a procession of a hundred bullock carts.

Options for question 221

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AnswerD · PRSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P gives where "he" came from.

  2. R is how he raised money for Helsinki, S adds that the principal "even" mortgaged his house, and Q is "in Helsinki", which leads to his return in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

RPQS has the principal mortgage his house before we know Jadhav needed money.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Ria wanted to find out whether plants grow better with music.

P. She planted six bean seeds in six pots of the same soil.

Q. She gave all six pots the same water and the same sunlight.

R. She kept three pots in a room where a radio played songs all day, and three in a silent room.

S. After a month, she measured the plants and found almost no difference.

Closing: Her teacher said the experiment was a success, because a clear answer, even "no", is still an answer.

Options for question 222

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AnswerB · PRQS

  1. After the opening sentence, P plants "six bean seeds in six pots".

  2. R splits the pots between the two rooms, Q gives "all six pots" the same care, and S is "after a month", which leads to her teacher's view in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PRQS.

Worth noting

RPQS moves the pots between rooms before any pots have been planted.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Most people think a camel's hump is full of water.

P. In fact, the hump is made of fat.

Q. When food is hard to find, the camel's body uses this fat for energy.

R. After a good meal and some rest, it fills out again.

S. As the fat is used up, the hump becomes smaller and may even flop to one side.

Closing: So the hump is not a water tank but a store of food.

Options for question 223

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AnswerC · PQSR

  1. After the opening sentence, P corrects the belief with "in fact".

  2. Q is how the body uses "this fat", S is "as the fat is used up", and R is "after a good meal", which leads to "so" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPSR opens with "the camel's body uses this fat", before any fat has been mentioned.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The flood came at night, when the whole village was asleep.

P. By morning, the water had reached the tops of the doors.

Q. The villagers woke and climbed onto their roofs.

R. Boats from the town came and took everyone to a school on high ground.

S. A boy of twelve, woken by the sound of water, ran to the temple and rang its bell.

Closing: Not a single person was lost, and the boy who rang the bell was given an award by the state.

Options for question 224

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AnswerB · SQPR

  1. After the opening sentence, S is the boy ringing the bell.

  2. Q is the villagers waking, P is "by morning", and R is the boats, which leads to the award in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is SQPR.

Worth noting

SPRQ sends the boats before the villagers have even woken.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The internet feels like something in the air, but most of it travels under the sea.

P. Cables about as thick as a garden hose lie on the ocean floor between the continents.

Q. Those flashes carry almost all the data that crosses the oceans.

R. Inside them, glass fibres carry messages as flashes of light.

S. When a cable is broken, by a ship's anchor or an earthquake, whole countries can lose much of their internet.

Closing: So the next time a message reaches a friend abroad, remember the long trip it took along the bottom of the sea.

Options for question 225

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AnswerC · PRQS

  1. After the opening sentence, P says where: cables on the ocean floor.

  2. R is what is "inside them", Q is what "those flashes" carry, and S is what happens when a cable breaks, which leads to the reminder in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PRQS.

Worth noting

RPSQ opens with "inside them", which has nothing to point to until the cables are named.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: Aditi had never cooked a meal on her own.

P. The rice turned out fine, but she forgot the salt in the dal.

Q. Her father tasted it, said nothing, and quietly added salt to everyone's bowl.

R. She called her grandmother, who told her how to make dal and rice over the phone.

S. When her mother fell ill, Aditi decided to make dinner for the family.

Closing: Later, her mother said it was the best dinner she had ever eaten, because someone else had made it.

Options for question 226

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AnswerA · SRPQ

  1. After the opening sentence, S is why she decided to cook.

  2. R is how she learned, P is how the food turned out, and Q is what her father did about the missing salt, which leads to "later" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is SRPQ.

Worth noting

SPRQ has the food turn out before she has found out how to make it.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: The first step in writing a good answer is to read the question carefully.

P. Finally, read through your answer once to correct any mistakes.

Q. As you write, keep checking that each sentence answers what was asked.

R. Underline the key words, such as "explain", "compare" or "give two reasons".

S. Then plan your answer in a few words before you start writing.

Options for question 227

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AnswerD · RSQP

  1. After the opening sentence, R is how to read it: underline the key words.

  2. S is "then", planning, Q is "as you write", and P is "finally".

  3. So the order is RSQP.

Worth noting

RQSP starts writing before the answer has been planned.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: The Olive Ridley turtle comes to the beaches of Odisha to lay its eggs.

P. Each one digs a hole in the sand with her back flippers, lays about a hundred eggs and covers them up.

Q. About fifty days later, the baby turtles hatch and dig their way out.

R. In some years, hundreds of thousands of females arrive on the same beach within a few nights.

S. They head straight for the sea, guided by the light of the sky over the water.

Options for question 228

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AnswerA · RPQS

  1. After the opening sentence, R says how many arrive.

  2. P is what "each one" does, Q is "about fifty days later", and S is where "they", the babies, go.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

RQPS has the babies hatch before any eggs have been laid.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: When Mohan's shop burned down, he thought he had lost everything.

P. His savings had gone into the stock, and none of it was insured.

Q. A month later, the shop opened again, with a sign thanking the street.

R. Within a week, other shopkeepers had lent him goods to sell on credit.

S. The next morning, his neighbours arrived with brooms and buckets to clear the ashes.

Options for question 229

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AnswerC · PSRQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P says why he had lost everything.

  2. S is "the next morning", R is "within a week", and Q is "a month later".

  3. So the order is PSRQ.

Worth noting

PRQS lends him goods before his neighbours have even cleared the ashes.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Many people think that deserts are empty of life.

P. In fact, the Thar Desert in Rajasthan is one of the most crowded deserts in the world.

Q. They all survive on rain that falls for a few weeks each year and the plants that grow quickly after it.

R. It is also home to the rare Great Indian Bustard and the desert fox.

S. Millions of people live there, along with camels, cattle and goats.

Options for question 230

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AnswerB · PSRQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P answers with "in fact".

  2. S says who lives "there", R adds the wild animals with "also", and Q says how "they all" survive.

  3. So the order is PSRQ.

Worth noting

SPQR opens with "millions of people live there", before any place has been named.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: The mobile phone in your pocket is more powerful than the computers that sent astronauts to the Moon.

P. It shows that careful planning and skilled people can matter more than powerful machines.

Q. In 1969, the computer on the Apollo spacecraft had less memory than a simple calculator today.

R. Its programs were woven by hand into wire, and fixing a single mistake could take days.

S. Yet with it, the astronauts landed on the Moon and returned safely.

Options for question 231

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. After the opening sentence, Q goes back to 1969 and its computer.

  2. R describes "its programs", S turns with "yet", and P draws the lesson with "it shows".

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

QSRP turns with "yet" before the paragraph has shown how simple the old computer was.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: A boy in our class, Irfan, stammers when he speaks.

P. For years, he never answered in class, even when he knew the answer.

Q. Week by week, he began to read longer answers.

R. Then a new English teacher asked him to write his answers and read them aloud slowly.

S. Last month, Irfan gave a two-minute speech at the assembly, and the whole school stood up to clap.

Options for question 232

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AnswerA · PRQS

  1. After the opening sentence, P is "for years" he never answered.

  2. R is "then", the new teacher's idea, Q is "week by week", and S is "last month".

  3. So the order is PRQS.

Worth noting

RPSQ opens with "then", which needs something before it.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: A rain gauge is a simple tool for measuring how much rain has fallen.

P. It is just a straight-sided jar with a scale marked on it in millimetres.

Q. It is placed in an open space, away from trees and roofs that could block the rain.

R. If it reaches the 20 mark, it means that 20 millimetres of rain fell on every part of the ground around it.

S. After a day of rain, the water in the jar is read against the scale.

Options for question 233

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AnswerD · PQSR

  1. After the opening sentence, P says what "it" is.

  2. Q says where it is placed, S is "after a day of rain", and R explains what the reading means.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

PSRQ reads the water in the jar before the jar has been placed out in the open.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. Within a year, the flyover was as jammed as the roads had been before.

Q. For the first few months, it did: cars moved faster, and people saved time.

R. The new flyover was supposed to end the traffic jams in our city.

S. But soon, more people started driving, because the roads seemed clear.

Closing: Planners now say that the only lasting answer is better buses and trains, not more roads.

Options for question 234

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AnswerA · RQSP

  1. R opens with the hope. Q is "for the first few months".

  2. S turns with "but soon", and P is "within a year", which leads to what planners now say in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRSP opens with "it did", which has nothing to point to yet.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. Most brought flowers or small herbs.

Q. Every child in the class was asked to bring one plant for the school garden.

R. But Rohit arrived with a tiny banyan sapling in a tin can.

S. The others laughed, saying it would take a hundred years to grow.

Closing: Today, twenty years later, that banyan shades the whole playground.

Options for question 235

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AnswerC · QPRS

  1. Q opens with the task. P says what "most" brought.

  2. R turns with "but" to Rohit, and S is the others laughing, which leads to "today" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QPRS.

Worth noting

QRSP turns with "but" to Rohit before saying what most children brought.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. It also helps to leave a margin for questions and to underline what seems most important.

Q. Good notes do not try to write down every word the teacher says.

R. Taking notes in class is a skill, not just copying.

S. Instead, they pick out the main points, in short phrases.

Closing: Notes like these are far easier to revise from than pages of copied sentences.

Options for question 236

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AnswerA · RQSP

  1. R opens with the main idea. Q says what good notes do not do.

  2. S says what they do "instead", and P adds what "also helps", which leads to "notes like these" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

QRPS has "instead" follow the tip about margins, not the habit it replaces.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. They started picking it out every Saturday morning.

Q. A group of girls in a Kerala village noticed that the stream near their school was full of plastic.

R. A local engineer showed them how to shred it and mix it into the tar used for roads.

S. Soon they had so much plastic that they did not know what to do with it.

Closing: Last year, a road in their village was built with the plastic they had collected.

Options for question 237

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AnswerB · QPSR

  1. Q opens with the problem. P is what "they" started doing.

  2. S is "soon", too much plastic, and R is the engineer's answer, which leads to the road in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

QSPR has them drowning in plastic before they have started collecting any.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: For centuries, people believed that heavy objects fall faster than light ones.

P. This was hard to prove on Earth, where air slows a feather much more than a stone.

Q. The idea came from the Greek thinker Aristotle, and few people questioned it.

R. He found that, if the air does not slow them, heavy and light objects fall at the same speed.

S. In the late 1500s, Galileo began to test it with balls rolled down slopes.

Closing: In 1971, an astronaut on the Moon, where there is no air, dropped a hammer and a feather, and they landed together.

Options for question 238

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AnswerA · QSRP

  1. After the opening sentence, Q says where "the idea" came from.

  2. S is Galileo testing "it", R is what "he found", and P says "this" was hard to prove on Earth, which leads to the Moon test in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QSRP.

Worth noting

SQPR has Galileo test "it" before the old idea has been traced to anyone.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: The town's last cinema hall was going to close.

P. People who had not been to the cinema in years came with their children, to show them what it had been like.

Q. The owner, an old man who had run it for forty years, put up a notice saying the last show would be on Sunday.

R. For years, fewer and fewer people had come, as everyone watched films on their phones.

S. Word spread, and on Sunday a queue stretched down the street.

Closing: The owner was so moved that he decided to open one day a week for as long as he could.

Options for question 239

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AnswerB · RQSP

  1. After the opening sentence, R gives the reason: fewer people came.

  2. Q is the owner's notice, S is "word spread" and the queue "on Sunday", and P says who came, which leads to the owner's decision in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RQSP.

Worth noting

RSPQ has the queue form on Sunday before the owner has put up his notice.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: An argument is only as strong as the evidence behind it.

P. Only a careful study, comparing many people who follow the diet with many who do not, can show whether the diet itself worked.

Q. Suppose a friend says that a new diet helped him lose ten kilograms.

R. That is one person's story, and many other things might explain it.

S. He may also have started walking more, or eating less without noticing.

Closing: So before we believe a claim, we should ask not just "Is it true for someone?" but "What is the evidence?"

Options for question 240

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AnswerD · QRSP

  1. After the opening sentence, Q gives an example: "suppose".

  2. R says "that is one person's story", S adds other things he "may also" have done, and P says what "only a careful study" can show, which leads to the lesson in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QRSP.

Worth noting

RQSP opens with "that is one person's story", before any story has been told.

The opening and closing sentences are given. Arrange the sentences between them.

Opening: A lie, it is said, can travel halfway round the world while the truth is still putting on its shoes.

P. Correcting it takes much longer, because the correction is less exciting and fewer people share it.

Q. A false story shared on a phone can reach millions of people in a few hours.

R. Today, this is truer than ever.

S. By the time the truth arrives, many have already made up their minds.

Closing: So before we share something, it is worth taking a minute to check whether it is true.

Options for question 241

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AnswerD · RQPS

  1. After the opening sentence, R says "this", the saying, is truer than ever today.

  2. Q shows how fast a false story travels, P how slow "correcting it" is, and S is "by the time the truth arrives", which leads to "so" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RQPS.

Worth noting

QRPS opens with a false story, so "this is truer than ever" then points at the story, and "correcting it" at nothing.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: In 1953, Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary became the first people known to have stood on top of Mount Everest.

P. They stayed only about fifteen minutes, because their oxygen was running low.

Q. Then they began the long climb down to where their friends were waiting.

R. They reached the summit in the late morning of 29 May.

S. In that short time, Hillary took photographs, and Tenzing left some sweets in the snow as an offering.

Options for question 242

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AnswerC · RPSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, R says when "they" reached the top.

  2. P says how long they stayed, S is what they did "in that short time", and Q is "then", the climb down.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

RSPQ fills "that short time" before the paragraph has said how short it was.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Why do leaves change colour in autumn?

P. The leaves also contain yellow and orange colours, but the green hides them.

Q. For most of the year, leaves are green because of a substance called chlorophyll, which they use to make food.

R. As the green fades, the hidden yellows and oranges show through at last.

S. In autumn, when the days grow short, the tree stops making chlorophyll.

Options for question 243

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AnswerD · QPSR

  1. After the given question, Q begins the answer: leaves are green because of chlorophyll.

  2. P says other colours are "also" there but hidden, S is "in autumn", and R is "as the green fades".

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

PQSR says "the green hides them" before the green has been explained.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Some of the greatest discoveries were made by accident.

P. In 1945, an engineer named Percy Spencer was working near a machine that made radio waves.

Q. His accident led to the microwave oven, now found in millions of kitchens.

R. He noticed that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted.

S. Curious, he tried putting popcorn near the machine, and it began to pop.

Options for question 244

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AnswerC · PRSQ

  1. After the opening sentence, P gives an example: Percy Spencer.

  2. R is what "he noticed", S is what he tried next, "curious", and Q is what "his accident" led to.

  3. So the order is PRSQ.

Worth noting

RPSQ opens with "he noticed", before we know who "he" is.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: For a long time, the people of one village in Rajasthan had to walk three kilometres to fetch water.

P. Because of this, many girls missed school and never learned to read.

Q. The women and girls did the walking, often twice a day.

R. When a tap was finally put in the village square, the long walks ended.

S. Within two years, the number of girls in the village school had doubled.

Options for question 245

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AnswerB · QPRS

  1. After the opening sentence, Q says who did the walking.

  2. P gives the cost, "because of this", R is when the tap came, and S is the result "within two years".

  3. So the order is QPRS.

Worth noting

QRPS brings the tap before the paragraph has shown what the walking cost the girls.

The opening sentence is given. Arrange the rest to make a paragraph.

Opening: Can a machine be creative?

P. Some of their paintings have even been sold for large sums of money.

Q. Whether that counts as creativity, or only a very clever copy, is a question people are still arguing about.

R. Computers can now write poems, paint pictures and compose music.

S. But critics point out that a computer only rearranges what it has learned from millions of human works.

Options for question 246

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AnswerA · RPSQ

  1. After the given question, R gives what computers can now do.

  2. P goes further with "even", S turns with "but" to the critics, and Q says the question is still argued.

  3. So the order is RPSQ.

Worth noting

PRQS opens with the paintings sold for money, before we know that computers paint at all.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. People often say that the young do not read any more.

Q. But surveys show that many young people read a great deal, only in different forms.

R. What has changed is not how much they read but what and where.

S. They read long threads, comics and stories on their phones, sometimes for hours.

Closing: Perhaps the real question is not whether they read, but whether we help them read well.

Options for question 247

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AnswerD · PQSR

  1. P opens with a common complaint. Q turns with "but".

  2. S says what "they" read, and R sums up "what has changed", which leads to "perhaps" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PQSR.

Worth noting

QPSR opens with "but", which needs something before it to turn against.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. The country had to buy wheat from abroad, and there were fears of famine.

Q. Then scientists brought in new kinds of wheat and rice that gave much bigger harvests.

R. In the 1960s, India did not grow enough food to feed its people.

S. With better seeds, water and fertiliser, farmers in Punjab and Haryana doubled their crops within a few years.

Closing: This change, called the Green Revolution, turned India from a country that had to buy grain into one that sells it.

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AnswerC · RPQS

  1. R opens with the problem. P shows how bad it was.

  2. Q is "then", the new seeds, and S is the result "within a few years", which leads to "this change" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is RPQS.

Worth noting

RQSP ends with fears of famine after the harvests have already doubled.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. In the past, sailors worked this out from the Sun and the stars, with careful sums.

Q. A ship at sea needs to know where it is.

R. Today, a satellite receiver on board shows the ship's position within a few metres, at any time of day or night.

S. A small mistake in the sums could put a ship many kilometres off course.

Closing: What once took a skilled navigator an hour now takes a machine less than a second.

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AnswerA · QPSR

  1. Q opens with the need. P is "in the past", the old method.

  2. S gives the danger of that method, and R is "today", which leads to the comparison in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is QPSR.

Worth noting

PQRS puts today's receiver before the danger of the old sums, so "the sums" is cut off from the sailors who did them.

The closing sentence is given. Arrange the sentences that lead up to it.

P. Most of what we call "taste" is really smell.

Q. The tongue itself can tell only a few things: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and savoury.

R. Everything else, from the taste of mango to the taste of coffee, comes from the nose.

S. When we chew, air carrying the smell of the food travels up from the back of the mouth to the nose.

Closing: That is why food tastes so dull when you have a blocked nose from a cold.

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AnswerD · PSQR

  1. P opens with the claim. S says how the smell reaches the nose when we chew.

  2. Q says what "the tongue itself" can tell, and R gives "everything else" to the nose, which leads to "that is why" in the closing sentence.

  3. So the order is PSQR.

Worth noting

PSRQ says "everything else" before the paragraph has said what the tongue can tell.

NTA's English syllabus is one page. It names two skill areas: Reading Comprehension, with three kinds of passage of at most 300 words each (factual, narrative and literary), and Verbal Ability, with four item types (rearranging the parts, match the following, choosing the correct word, synonyms and antonyms). It says the questions are not limited to these, and prints no chapters and no split of the 50 questions. So the chapters here are ours. Reading is split by the kind of passage, because a poem is not read the way a report is. Verbal Ability is split into three areas of our own: Vocabulary, Sentence & paragraph order, and Grammar & usage. Where a chapter covers something past NTA's short list, it says so, and it is there because the papers since 2022 have asked it.